Evaluation of efficacy and safety from 6hours of 7 cmH2O CPAP after weaning in patients undergoing lung resection, on the prevention of atelectasis / pneumonia and gas exchange improve.

Multicenter randomized clinical trial. 460 patients randomly assigned to treatment and control groups will be studied. The main variables are the frequency of atelectasis or pneumonia, defined by clinical and radiological criteria, the FiO2/PaO2 ratio, 7 and 24 h after weaning, and hospital stay.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Undergoing thoracic surgery including resection of lung parenchyma.
• To have given signed consent to enter in the study.

Exclusion Criteria:

Weaning in the first 4h after the intervention end.

• Suspected bronchopleural fistula at the admission to the surgical ICU.
• Patients with facial problems or a history of intolerance to CPAP masks.
• Having significant bullous emphysema defined as the presence of more than 5 contiguous bullae <2cm or the existence of a pulmonary bulla> 2 cm or dystrophy bullosa, not in the area to dry and having had a previous pneumothorax.
• Known Obstructive Apnea Hypopnea syndrome known or some form of noninvasive ventilation prescribed.
• Immunocompromised patients, or having used an immunosuppressor drug at least one month prior to surgery with potential (except corticosteroids administered by inhalation)