The primary objective of this study is to compare the effectiveness of classroom-based behavioral interventions (12-hour girls program and 12-hour boys program), to a standard-of care intervention, on reducing the incidence of self-reported sexual assault among girls from baseline.

Secondary objectives of this study is to determine the impact of the interventions on related physical and mental health status/outcomes, STI-risk behaviors, self-efficacy, and self-esteem.

In Kenya, up to 46% of women report childhood sexual assault. In an implementation research project, a team at Stanford University will be pairing with three Kenyan NGO's to research the effectiveness of an intervention to prevent sexual assault among adolescent girls in the informal settlements around Nairobi, Kenya. The study design will be a cluster-randomized controlled trial with two arms comparing the intervention to a standard of care group. The intervention consists of two side-by-side behavioral and skills-based interventions, one for girls and one for boys, taught in schools. The interventions include identifying and avoiding risky situations, verbal techniques to diffuse situations, as well as bystander intervention techniques for boys and self-defense techniques for girls. Settlements with schools participating in the project include Kibera, Dandora, Huruma, and Mukuru.

This grant is part of the larger "What Works to Prevent Violence: A global program to prevent violence against women and girls" initiative, which is a large international initiative aimed at the prevention of gender-based violence. The initiative includes 18 projects from around the globe, and is supported by the Medical Research Council of South Africa, the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, and the UK Department for International Development (DFID). The primary contact people at Stanford University for this project are Clea Sarnquist, DrPH, MPH (cleas@stanford.edu) and Michael Baiocchi, PhD (baiocchi@stanford.edu).

Inclusion Criteria:

• Adolescents aged 11-15 years
• Enrolled in the target schools
• Able to communicate in the study languages: English or Kiswahili

Exclusion Criteria:

• significant mental condition (learning difficulty, mental illness or substance abuse) which would impair their ability to consent to participation in the trial.

To protect the privacy of the participants (who are minors), parties interested in the data should contact the investigators and provide evidence of IRB approval and data security safeguards at their institution(s). The sponsoring agency, DFID, anticipates making some of the data publicly available in the future.