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This is a prospective, observational study to evaluate patient satisfaction with colonoscopy, depending on whether sedation is used during the procedure or not. Patients will receive questionnaires before the procedure to assess the potential influence of patient criteria and after the procedure to assess satisfaction-scores and pain-scores. A validated satisfaction score (Schoen et al.) will be used for the primary outcome. As secondary parameters, pain- and sedation-scores will be assessed by the validated NAPCOMS score, as well as procedural quality indicators. The study will assess, whether adequate selection in regards to risk factors for sedated or unsedated colonoscopy, leads to similar satisfaction-scores within both groups.
This is a prospective, observational study of consecutive patients presenting for outpatient colonoscopy in a tertiary care hospital with a large ambulatory care section (DKD Helios Klinik Wiesbaden). The primary endpoint of the study is the comparison of a validated patient satisfaction score in patients undergoing colonoscopy with or without sedation. The aim is to assess whether patients, who are deemed appropriate for an unsedated procedure by predefined risk factors and who wish to avoid sedation, will have similar satisfaction scores, as those who undergo sedation. As secondary aims, pain scores (validated NAPCOMS score) and markers of procedural quality (such as completion rates or withdrawal times) will be assessed.
Considering a 2-point difference in the 15-point satisfaction score as clinically relevant and suspecting a 7:3 distribution of procedures with and without sedation, respectively, 1070 patients must be included (at least 749 sedated and 321 unsedated) in order to reach a significance level of 0.05.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Patients for outpatient colonoscopy | The cohort consists of subsequent patients who present for routine colonoscopy. There is no active Intervention. However, groups who choose to perform colonoscopy with or without sedation will be compared. |
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| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Patient satisfaction-score (Schoen et al.) | The satisfaction score is based on the following three statements: (a) "I was very satisfied with the care I received"; (b) "I would strongly recommend this procedure to friends who qualify for it"; (c) "I would be willing to repeat the exam in the future if necessary." Each statement is coded on a 5-point ordinate scale that includes the following choices: strongly agree, agree, not sure, disagree and strongly disagree. The average of the scores for the three statements will be used as the satisfaction score. | within 1-2 weeks after the procedure |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| NAPCOMS score | The NAPCOMS was designed to be completed by the endoscopy nurse assisting during the procedure. It is a composite measure that includes 3 domains: pain, sedation, and a global subjective assessment of tolerability. The pain domain is defined by using the dimensions of intensity, frequency, and duration, which are each rated with a score from 0 (no occurrence) to 3 (severe, frequent, or prolonged). Sedation is rated according to level of consciousness ranging from 0 (wide awake) to 3 (unconscious), whereas the global tolerability score is rated from 0 (very well tolerated) to 3 (poorly tolerated). The Overall NAPCOMS was defined as the sum of the severity, frequency, and duration of pain domains. Level of sedation and overall global tolerability ratings are assessed separately. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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Consecutive patients, presenting for outpatient colonoscopy.
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Alexander J Eckardt, MD | DKD Helios Klinik Wiesbaden, Germany | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DKD Helios Klinik Wiesbaden | Wiesbaden | Hesse | 65191 | Germany |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10228252 | Background | Eckardt VF, Kanzler G, Schmitt T, Eckardt AJ, Bernhard G. Complications and adverse effects of colonoscopy with selective sedation. Gastrointest Endosc. 1999 May;49(5):560-5. doi: 10.1016/s0016-5107(99)70382-2. | |
| 19231501 | Background | Petrini JL, Egan JV, Hahn WV. Unsedated colonoscopy: patient characteristics and satisfaction in a community-based endoscopy unit. Gastrointest Endosc. 2009 Mar;69(3 Pt 1):567-72. doi: 10.1016/j.gie.2008.10.027. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010549 | Personal Satisfaction |
| D017060 | Patient Satisfaction |
| D007410 | Intestinal Diseases |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001519 | Behavior |
| D000074822 | Treatment Adherence and Compliance |
| D015438 | Health Behavior |
| D005767 | Gastrointestinal Diseases |
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| within the procedure and modified 1-2 weeks after the procedure. |
| 18253904 | Background | Eckardt AJ, Swales C, Bhattacharya K, Wassef WY, Phelan NP, Zubair S, Martins N, Patel S, Moquin B, Anwar N, Leung K, Levey JM. Open access colonoscopy in the training setting: which factors affect patient satisfaction and pain? Endoscopy. 2008 Feb;40(2):98-105. doi: 10.1055/s-2007-995469. |
| 1834111 | Background | Cockburn J, Hill D, Irwig L, De Luise T, Turnbull D, Schofield P. Development and validation of an instrument to measure satisfaction of participants at breast screening programmes. Eur J Cancer. 1991;27(7):827-31. doi: 10.1016/0277-5379(91)90126-x. |
| Background | Schoen RE, Weissfeld JL, Baum A. Development of a simple instrument to measure patient satisfaction with flexible sigmoidoscopy. Gastroenterology 1995; 108: A34 |
| D004066 | Digestive System Diseases |