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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute | OTHER |
Adolescents have some of the highest rates of risk behaviors of all age groups and health behaviors developed in adolescence can persist into adulthood. These behaviors carry significant risks for subsequent disease, disability, and healthcare burden. Despite these risks, health risk screening in primary care is infrequently performed and results are rarely followed by targeted intervention. In response to the need for screening-linked interventions, our study team has developed a web-based, electronic Personalized Motivational Feedback tool which we refer to as "Check Yourself." Based on motivational interviewing, a technique to mobilize personal change, Check Yourself is designed to promote healthy choices for the multiple behaviors relevant to adolescents as well as to provide information to providers to promote discussions around health behaviors between providers and adolescents.
Building on electronic health interventions, primary care providers can play an essential role in helping adolescents to make healthy behavior choices. Emerging evidence suggests that the consistency of preventive counseling can be increased through provider training and the provision of screening tools; yet, we know very little about the quality of such counseling, and if it impacts outcomes that are important to adolescent patients themselves.
This study is a stepped-wedge, controlled trial comparing the effectiveness of an interactive adolescent-centered training for primary care providers (I-ACT) and Check Yourself to usual care. This study will take place in six pediatric practices. The purpose of this study is to determine whether this system of interventions (i.e., I-ACT, Check Yourself, and the summary report) is more effective than usual care in reducing health risk behaviors, improving adolescent motivation for health, and improving quality of care among adolescents receiving primary health care services.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| I-ACT with Check Yourself | Experimental | Adolescents complete Check Yourself which delivers personalized, motivational feedback on their health behaviors prior to their primary care appointment. Check Yourself includes the provision of age normative feedback, goal setting strategies, and strategies to highlight discrepancies. Primary care providers will receive I-ACT and the Check Yourself summary report of health risk behaviors before an adolescent patient's appointment. I-ACT will provide training in adolescent-preferred communication methods and use of Check Yourself as a framework for the provider to use motivational interviewing to consider the patients' change readiness and their personal health goals. I-ACT includes online interactive, case-based learning, with booster sessions and feedback reports to reinforce new skills. |
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| Usual care | No Intervention | In the usual care group, adolescents are asked to complete health risk screening on a computer. No personalized feedback is provided to adolescents and primary care providers do not receive I-ACT or the Check Yourself summary report of the adolescent's health risk behaviors. |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| I-ACT with Check Yourself | Behavioral |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Number of Health Risk Behaviors | The risk behavior scale includes 22 values: 0 (min) to 21 (max). Higher scores indicate a worse outcome. Endorsement of any of the following counts as 1 (moderate risk) or 2 (high risk) on the scale depending on response and participant: ≥2 sugar-sweetened beverages consumed during typical day; ≤3 servings fruits/vegetables consumed during typical day; ≤3 days with 60+ minutes exercise during typical week; texting while driving in past 3 months; ≤7 hrs of sleep during typical night; not "always" using seatbelt; not "always" using helmet when bicycling; having driven under the influence of substances; tobacco use; days alcohol consumption in last 30 days (risk based on age) and/or number of drinks per drinking episode (risk based on age & sex); days marijuana consumption in last 30 days (risk based on age) and/or other drug use in past 3 months; not using birth control during last sexual intercourse and/or not "always" using a condom; & score of ≥10 on PHQ-9 depression. | 3 month |
| Sweetened Beverage Consumption | Adolescent self-reported number of sweetened beverages consumed in a typical day in the past 3 months. The sweetened beverages scale includes 4 values: 0 (min), 1, 2, or 3+ (max) sweetened beverages per day. Higher scores mean a worse outcome. | 3 month |
| Fruit and Vegetable Consumption | Adolescent self-reported number of fruits and vegetables consumed in a typical day in the past 3 months. The fruits and vegetables scale includes 6 values: 0 (min), 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5+ (max). Higher scores mean a better outcome. | 3 month |
| Physical Activity | Adolescent self-reported number of days with >60 minutes of physical activity in an average week in the past 3 months. The physical activity scale includes 8 values: 0 (min) to 7 (max). Higher scores mean a better outcome. | 3 month |
| Sleep |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Percent of Risk Behaviors Counseled on During Primary Care Appointment | Percent of adolescent-reported health risk behaviors discussed with the healthcare provider during the primary care visit adjusted for the total number of health risk behaviors reported at baseline. | 1 day |
| Number of Health Risk Behaviors |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| University of Washington | Seattle | Washington | 98105 | United States |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 34404610 | Derived | McCarty CA, Parker E, Zhou C, Katzman K, Stout J, Richardson LP. Electronic Screening, Feedback, and Clinician Training in Adolescent Primary Care: A Stepped-Wedge Cluster Randomized Trial. J Adolesc Health. 2022 Feb;70(2):234-240. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2021.07.019. Epub 2021 Aug 14. |
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| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| FG000 | Experimental: I-ACT With Check Yourself | Adolescents completed Check Yourself which delivered personalized, motivational feedback to them on their health behaviors prior to their primary care appointment. Primary care providers received training (I-ACT) and the Check Yourself summary report of health risk behaviors before the adolescent's appointment. I-ACT consisted of online, interactive training in adolescent-preferred communication methods and motivational interviewing, with booster sessions and feedback reports to reinforce new skills. |
| FG001 | No Intervention: Usual Care | In the usual care group, adolescents are asked to complete health risk screening on a computer. No personalized feedback is provided to adolescents and primary care providers do not receive I-ACT or the Check Yourself summary report of the adolescent's health risk behaviors. |
| Title | Milestones | Reasons Not Completed | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall Study |
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| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| BG000 | Experimental: I-ACT With Check Yourself | Adolescents completed Check Yourself which delivered personalized, motivational feedback to them on their health behaviors prior to their primary care appointment. Primary care providers received training (I-ACT) and the Check Yourself summary report of health risk behaviors before the adolescent's appointment. I-ACT consisted of online, interactive training in adolescent-preferred communication methods and motivational interviewing, with booster sessions and feedback reports to reinforce new skills. |
| Units | Counts |
|---|---|
| Participants |
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| Title | Description | Population Description | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Denominator Units Selected | Denominators | Classes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Categorical | Count of Participants |
| Type | Title | Description | Population Description | Reporting Status | Anticipated Posting Date | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Time Frame | Units Analyzed | Denominator Units Selected | Arm/Group Information | Denominators | Classes | Analyses | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary | Number of Health Risk Behaviors | The risk behavior scale includes 22 values: 0 (min) to 21 (max). Higher scores indicate a worse outcome. Endorsement of any of the following counts as 1 (moderate risk) or 2 (high risk) on the scale depending on response and participant: ≥2 sugar-sweetened beverages consumed during typical day; ≤3 servings fruits/vegetables consumed during typical day; ≤3 days with 60+ minutes exercise during typical week; texting while driving in past 3 months; ≤7 hrs of sleep during typical night; not "always" using seatbelt; not "always" using helmet when bicycling; having driven under the influence of substances; tobacco use; days alcohol consumption in last 30 days (risk based on age) and/or number of drinks per drinking episode (risk based on age & sex); days marijuana consumption in last 30 days (risk based on age) and/or other drug use in past 3 months; not using birth control during last sexual intercourse and/or not "always" using a condom; & score of ≥10 on PHQ-9 depression. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | 3 month |
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Adverse event data was collected over 3 months.
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| ID | Title | Description | Deaths (Affected) | Deaths (At Risk) | Serious Events (Affected) | Serious Events (At Risk) | Other Events (Affected) | Other Events (At Risk) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EG000 | Experimental: I-ACT With Check Yourself | Adolescents completed Check Yourself which delivered personalized, motivational feedback to them on their health behaviors prior to their primary care appointment. Primary care providers received training (I-ACT) and the Check Yourself summary report of health risk behaviors before the adolescent's appointment. I-ACT consisted of online, interactive training in adolescent-preferred communication methods and motivational interviewing, with booster sessions and feedback reports to reinforce new skills. |
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| Title | Organization | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cari McCarty | Seattle Children's Research Institute | 206-884-8243 | Carolyn.McCarty@seattlechildrens.org |
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| Type | Includes Protocol | Includes SAP | Includes ICF | Document Label | Document Date | Document Uploaded Date | Document File Name |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prot_SAP | Yes | Yes | No | Study Protocol and Statistical Analysis Plan | Apr 28, 2016 | Oct 3, 2019 | Prot_SAP_000.pdf |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000294 | Adolescent Behavior |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001519 | Behavior |
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Adolescent self-reported hours of sleep on a typical night in the past 3 months. The sleep scale includes 13 values: 0 (min) to 12+ (max) hours of sleep per night. Higher scores mean a better outcome. |
| 3 month |
| Alcohol Consumption (Frequency) | Adolescent self-reported number of days of alcohol consumption in the past month. Alcohol frequency scale includes 31 values: 0 (min) to 30 (max) days in the past month. Higher scores mean a worse outcome. | 3 months |
| Alcohol Consumption (Quantity) | Adolescent self-reported number of drinks during a typical drinking episode in the prior month. The alcohol quantity scale includes 16 values from 0 (min) to 15+ (max). Higher score means a worse outcome. | 3 months |
| Marijuana Consumption | Adolescent self-reported number of days using marijuana in the past month. The marijuana frequency scale includes 31 values: 0 (min) to 30 (max) days in the past month. Higher scores mean a worse outcome. | 3 months |
| Other Drug Consumption | Adolescent self-reported use of other drugs in the past 3 months. The other drug score includes 2 values: 0=no (min) and 1=yes (max). Higher scores mean a worse outcome. | 3 months |
| Depression | Adolescent self-reported depression as measured on the nine item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) in the past 2 weeks. The PHQ-9 depression scale includes 28 values: 0 (min) to 27 (max). Higher scores mean a worse outcome. | 3 month |
| Seatbelt Use | Adolescent self-reported frequency of seatbelt use in a car in the past 3 months. The seatbelt use scale includes 4 values: 1=never (min), 2=sometimes, 3=usually, or 4=always (max). Higher scores mean a better outcome. | 3 month |
| Helmet Use | Adolescent self-reported frequency of helmet use while bicycling in the past 3 months. The helmet use scale includes 4 values: 1=never (min), 2=sometimes, 3=usually, or 4=always (max). Higher scores mean a better outcome. | 3 months |
| Texting While Driving | Adolescent self-reported endorsement of texting while driving in the past 3 months. This question is only asked among adolescents who drive a car. The texting while driving scale includes 4 values: 1=never (min), 2=sometimes, 3=usually, or 4=always (max). Higher scores mean a worse outcome. | 3 months |
| Condom and/or Birth Control Use | Adolescent self-reported condom use with sexual intercourse in the past 3 months and/or use of birth control at last sexual intercourse. Two questions were used for this category. These questions were asked only to sexually active youth. The condom use scale includes 4 values: 1=always (min), 2=often, 3=sometimes, 4=never (max). Higher scores mean a worse outcome. The birth control scale includes 2 values: 0=no (min), 1=yes (max). Higher scores mean a better outcome. | 3 months |
| Driving With Impairment | Adolescent self-reported driving under the influence of a substance in the past 3 months. This question was asked only of adolescents who drive a car. The driving with impairment scale includes 2 values: 0=no (min) and 1=yes (max). Higher scores mean a worse outcome. | 3 month |
| Adolescent Satisfaction With Care | Adolescent satisfaction with care is assessed using one item adapted from the Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (CAHPS) measure at 1-day follow-up. The CAHPS scale includes 10 values: 1 (min) to 10 (max). Higher scores mean a better outcome. | 1-day |
| Caregiver Satisfaction With Care | Caregiver satisfaction with care is assessed using the four items adapted from the Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (CAHPS) measure at 1-day follow-up. Scores on this scale range from 3 (min) to 22 (max) with higher scores indicating higher satisfaction with care. | 1-day |
| Adolescent Perception of Patient-Centeredness | The total score on the Consultation and Relational Empathy measure (CARE) is used to assess adolescent self-report of perceived patient-centeredness from their primary care provider. Scores on the scale range from 10 (min) to 50 (max) with higher scores indicating a better outcome. | 1 day |
| Tobacco Use | Adolescent self-reported tobacco use in the past 3 months. The tobacco use scale includes 2 values: 0=no (min) or 1=yes (max). Higher scores mean a worse outcome. | 3 months |
Adolescent total count health-risk behaviors at 6 month follow-up including: During typical day: ≥2 sugar-sweetened beverages consumed and ≤3 servings fruits/vegetables consumed; ≤3 days with 60+ minutes exercise during typical week; having texted while driving in past 3 months; ≤7 hours of sleep during typical night; not "always" using seatbelt; not "always" using helmet when bicycling; having driven under the influence of substances; tobacco use; days of alcohol consumption in last 30 days (risk based on age: ≥1 day/30 days (ages 13-15), ≥2 days/30 days (ages 16-17), or ≥3 days/30 days (age 18))and/or number of drinks per drinking episode (risk based on age and sex: ≥3 (Girls 13-17; Boys 13), ≥4 (Girls 18; Boys 14-15), or ≥5 (Boys 16-18)); days marijuana consumption in 30 day (risk based on age) and/or other drugs use in past 3 months; not using birth control during last sexual intercourse and/or not "always" using a condom; and score of ≥10 on PHQ-9. |
| 6 month |
| Number of Health Risk Behaviors | Adolescent total count health-risk behaviors at 12 month follow-up including: During typical day: ≥2 sugar-sweetened beverages consumed and ≤3 servings fruits/vegetables consumed; ≤3 days with 60+ minutes exercise during typical week; having texted while driving in past 3 months; ≤7 hours of sleep during typical night; not "always" using seatbelt; not "always" using helmet when bicycling; having driven under the influence of substances; tobacco use; days of alcohol consumption in last 30 days (risk based on age: ≥1 day/30 days (ages 13-15), ≥2 days/30 days (ages 16-17), or ≥3 days/30 days (age 18))and/or number of drinks per drinking episode (risk based on age and sex: ≥3 (Girls 13-17; Boys 13), ≥4 (Girls 18; Boys 14-15), or ≥5 (Boys 16-18)); days marijuana consumption in 30 day (risk based on age) and/or other drugs use in past 3 months; not using birth control during last sexual intercourse and/or not "always" using a condom; and score of ≥10 on PHQ-9. | 12 month |
| Sweetened Beverage Consumption | Adolescent self-reported sweetened beverages consumed in a typical day in past 3 months | 6 month |
| Sweetened Beverage Consumption | Adolescent self-reported sweetened beverages consumed in a typical day in past 3 months | 12 month |
| Fruit and Vegetable Consumption | Adolescent self-reported fruits and vegetables consumed in a typical day in past 3 months | 6 month |
| Fruit and Vegetable Consumption | Adolescent self-reported fruits and vegetables consumed in a typical day in past 3 months | 12 month |
| Physical Activity | Adolescent self-reported days with >60 minutes of physical activity in an average week in past 3 months | 6 month |
| Physical Activity | Adolescent self-reported days with >60 minutes of physical activity in an average week in past 3 months | 12 month |
| Sleep | Adolescent self-reported hours of sleep on a typical night in past 3 months | 6 month |
| Sleep | Adolescent self-reported hours of sleep on a typical night in past 3 months | 12 month |
| Alcohol Consumption | Adolescent self-reported number of days of alcohol consumption and drinks during typical drinking episode in the prior month | 6 month |
| Alcohol Consumption | Adolescent self-reported number of days of alcohol consumption and drinks during typical drinking episode in the prior month | 12 month |
| Marijuana and/or Other Drug Consumption | Adolescent self-reported number of days using marijuana in the past month and/or other drugs used in past 3 months | 6 month |
| Marijuana and/or Other Consumption | Adolescent self-reported number of days using marijuana in the past month and/or other drugs used in past 3 months | 12 month |
| Depression | Adolescent self-reported depression as measured on the nine item Patient Health Questionnaire in past 2 weeks | 6 month |
| Depression | Adolescent self-reported depression as measured on the nine item Patient Health Questionnaire in past 2 weeks | 12 month |
| Seatbelt Use | Adolescent self-reported frequency of seatbelt use in a car in past 3 months | 6 month |
| Seatbelt Use | Adolescent self-reported frequency of seatbelt use in a car in past 3 months | 12 month |
| Helmet Use | Adolescent self-reported frequency of helmet use while bicycling in past 3 months | 6 month |
| Helmet Use | Adolescent self-reported frequency of helmet use while bicycling in past 3 months | 12 month |
| Texting While Driving | Adolescent self-reported endorsement of texting while driving in past 3 months | 6 month |
| Texting While Driving | Adolescent self-reported endorsement of texting while driving in past 3 months | 12 month |
| Condom Use and/or Birth Control Use | Adolescent self-reported condom use with sexual intercourse in the past 3 months and/or use of birth control at last sexual intercourse | 6 month |
| Condom Use and/or Birth Control Use | Adolescent self-reported condom use with sexual intercourse in the past 3 months and/or use of birth control at last sexual intercourse | 12 month |
| Driving With Alcohol Impairment | Adolescent self-reported driving under the influence of a substance | 6 month |
| Driving With Alcohol Impairment | Adolescent self-reported driving under the influence of a substance | 12 month |
| Interval Receipt of Care Questionnaire | Dichotomous variable indicating receipt of any follow-up care to address risk behaviors identified at baseline adjusted for baseline number of health risk behaviors. | 3 month |
| Interval Receipt of Care Questionnaire | Dichotomous variable indicating receipt of any follow-up care to address risk | 6 month |
| Interval Receipt of Care Questionnaire | Dichotomous variable indicating receipt of any follow-up care to address risk | 12 month |
| Readiness to Change Ruler Questionnaire | Assessment of adolescent reported motivation to change overall health using a Readiness to Change Ruler. | 1 day |
| Readiness to Change Ruler Questionnaire | Assessment of adolescent reported motivation to change overall health using a Readiness to Change Ruler. | 3 month |
| Readiness to Change Ruler Questionnaire | Assessment of adolescent reported motivation to change overall health using a Readiness to Change Ruler. | 6 month |
| Readiness to Change Ruler Questionnaire | Assessment of adolescent reported motivation to change overall health using a Readiness to Change Ruler. | 12 month |
| Tobacco Use | Adolescent self-reported tobacco use in past 3 months | 6 month |
| Tobacco Use | Adolescent self-reported tobacco use in past 3 months | 12 month |
| BG001 | No Intervention: Usual Care | In the usual care group, adolescents are asked to complete health risk screening on a computer. No personalized feedback is provided to adolescents and primary care providers do not receive I-ACT or the Check Yourself summary report of the adolescent's health risk behaviors. |
| BG002 | Total | Total of all reporting groups |
| Participants |
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| Age, Continuous | Mean | Standard Deviation | years |
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| Sex: Female, Male | Count of Participants | Participants |
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| Race/Ethnicity, Customized | Count of Participants | Participants |
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| Region of Enrollment | Number | participants |
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| Experimental: I-ACT With Check Yourself |
Adolescents completed Check Yourself which delivered personalized, motivational feedback to them on their health behaviors prior to their primary care appointment. Primary care providers received training (I-ACT) and the Check Yourself summary report of health risk behaviors before the adolescent's appointment. I-ACT consisted of online, interactive training in adolescent-preferred communication methods and motivational interviewing, with booster sessions and feedback reports to reinforce new skills. |
| OG001 | No Intervention: Usual Care | In the usual care group, adolescents are asked to complete health risk screening on a computer. No personalized feedback is provided to adolescents and primary care providers do not receive I-ACT or the Check Yourself summary report of the adolescent's health risk behaviors. |
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| Primary | Sweetened Beverage Consumption | Adolescent self-reported number of sweetened beverages consumed in a typical day in the past 3 months. The sweetened beverages scale includes 4 values: 0 (min), 1, 2, or 3+ (max) sweetened beverages per day. Higher scores mean a worse outcome. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | 3 month |
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| Primary | Fruit and Vegetable Consumption | Adolescent self-reported number of fruits and vegetables consumed in a typical day in the past 3 months. The fruits and vegetables scale includes 6 values: 0 (min), 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5+ (max). Higher scores mean a better outcome. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | 3 month |
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| Primary | Physical Activity | Adolescent self-reported number of days with >60 minutes of physical activity in an average week in the past 3 months. The physical activity scale includes 8 values: 0 (min) to 7 (max). Higher scores mean a better outcome. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | 3 month |
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| Primary | Sleep | Adolescent self-reported hours of sleep on a typical night in the past 3 months. The sleep scale includes 13 values: 0 (min) to 12+ (max) hours of sleep per night. Higher scores mean a better outcome. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | 3 month |
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| Primary | Alcohol Consumption (Frequency) | Adolescent self-reported number of days of alcohol consumption in the past month. Alcohol frequency scale includes 31 values: 0 (min) to 30 (max) days in the past month. Higher scores mean a worse outcome. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | 3 months |
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| Primary | Alcohol Consumption (Quantity) | Adolescent self-reported number of drinks during a typical drinking episode in the prior month. The alcohol quantity scale includes 16 values from 0 (min) to 15+ (max). Higher score means a worse outcome. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | 3 months |
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| Primary | Marijuana Consumption | Adolescent self-reported number of days using marijuana in the past month. The marijuana frequency scale includes 31 values: 0 (min) to 30 (max) days in the past month. Higher scores mean a worse outcome. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | 3 months |
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| Primary | Other Drug Consumption | Adolescent self-reported use of other drugs in the past 3 months. The other drug score includes 2 values: 0=no (min) and 1=yes (max). Higher scores mean a worse outcome. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | 3 months |
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| Primary | Depression | Adolescent self-reported depression as measured on the nine item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) in the past 2 weeks. The PHQ-9 depression scale includes 28 values: 0 (min) to 27 (max). Higher scores mean a worse outcome. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | 3 month |
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| Primary | Seatbelt Use | Adolescent self-reported frequency of seatbelt use in a car in the past 3 months. The seatbelt use scale includes 4 values: 1=never (min), 2=sometimes, 3=usually, or 4=always (max). Higher scores mean a better outcome. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | 3 month |
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| Primary | Helmet Use | Adolescent self-reported frequency of helmet use while bicycling in the past 3 months. The helmet use scale includes 4 values: 1=never (min), 2=sometimes, 3=usually, or 4=always (max). Higher scores mean a better outcome. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | 3 months |
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| Primary | Texting While Driving | Adolescent self-reported endorsement of texting while driving in the past 3 months. This question is only asked among adolescents who drive a car. The texting while driving scale includes 4 values: 1=never (min), 2=sometimes, 3=usually, or 4=always (max). Higher scores mean a worse outcome. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | 3 months |
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| Primary | Condom and/or Birth Control Use | Adolescent self-reported condom use with sexual intercourse in the past 3 months and/or use of birth control at last sexual intercourse. Two questions were used for this category. These questions were asked only to sexually active youth. The condom use scale includes 4 values: 1=always (min), 2=often, 3=sometimes, 4=never (max). Higher scores mean a worse outcome. The birth control scale includes 2 values: 0=no (min), 1=yes (max). Higher scores mean a better outcome. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | 3 months |
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| Primary | Driving With Impairment | Adolescent self-reported driving under the influence of a substance in the past 3 months. This question was asked only of adolescents who drive a car. The driving with impairment scale includes 2 values: 0=no (min) and 1=yes (max). Higher scores mean a worse outcome. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | 3 month |
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| Primary | Adolescent Satisfaction With Care | Adolescent satisfaction with care is assessed using one item adapted from the Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (CAHPS) measure at 1-day follow-up. The CAHPS scale includes 10 values: 1 (min) to 10 (max). Higher scores mean a better outcome. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | 1-day |
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| Primary | Caregiver Satisfaction With Care | Caregiver satisfaction with care is assessed using the four items adapted from the Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (CAHPS) measure at 1-day follow-up. Scores on this scale range from 3 (min) to 22 (max) with higher scores indicating higher satisfaction with care. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | 1-day |
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| Primary | Adolescent Perception of Patient-Centeredness | The total score on the Consultation and Relational Empathy measure (CARE) is used to assess adolescent self-report of perceived patient-centeredness from their primary care provider. Scores on the scale range from 10 (min) to 50 (max) with higher scores indicating a better outcome. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | 1 day |
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| Primary | Tobacco Use | Adolescent self-reported tobacco use in the past 3 months. The tobacco use scale includes 2 values: 0=no (min) or 1=yes (max). Higher scores mean a worse outcome. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | 3 months |
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| Secondary | Percent of Risk Behaviors Counseled on During Primary Care Appointment | Percent of adolescent-reported health risk behaviors discussed with the healthcare provider during the primary care visit adjusted for the total number of health risk behaviors reported at baseline. | Posted | Number | percentage of risk behaviors counselled | 1 day |
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| Secondary | Number of Health Risk Behaviors | Adolescent total count health-risk behaviors at 6 month follow-up including: During typical day: ≥2 sugar-sweetened beverages consumed and ≤3 servings fruits/vegetables consumed; ≤3 days with 60+ minutes exercise during typical week; having texted while driving in past 3 months; ≤7 hours of sleep during typical night; not "always" using seatbelt; not "always" using helmet when bicycling; having driven under the influence of substances; tobacco use; days of alcohol consumption in last 30 days (risk based on age: ≥1 day/30 days (ages 13-15), ≥2 days/30 days (ages 16-17), or ≥3 days/30 days (age 18))and/or number of drinks per drinking episode (risk based on age and sex: ≥3 (Girls 13-17; Boys 13), ≥4 (Girls 18; Boys 14-15), or ≥5 (Boys 16-18)); days marijuana consumption in 30 day (risk based on age) and/or other drugs use in past 3 months; not using birth control during last sexual intercourse and/or not "always" using a condom; and score of ≥10 on PHQ-9. | Not Posted | 6 month | Participants |
| Secondary | Number of Health Risk Behaviors | Adolescent total count health-risk behaviors at 12 month follow-up including: During typical day: ≥2 sugar-sweetened beverages consumed and ≤3 servings fruits/vegetables consumed; ≤3 days with 60+ minutes exercise during typical week; having texted while driving in past 3 months; ≤7 hours of sleep during typical night; not "always" using seatbelt; not "always" using helmet when bicycling; having driven under the influence of substances; tobacco use; days of alcohol consumption in last 30 days (risk based on age: ≥1 day/30 days (ages 13-15), ≥2 days/30 days (ages 16-17), or ≥3 days/30 days (age 18))and/or number of drinks per drinking episode (risk based on age and sex: ≥3 (Girls 13-17; Boys 13), ≥4 (Girls 18; Boys 14-15), or ≥5 (Boys 16-18)); days marijuana consumption in 30 day (risk based on age) and/or other drugs use in past 3 months; not using birth control during last sexual intercourse and/or not "always" using a condom; and score of ≥10 on PHQ-9. | Not Posted | 12 month | Participants |
| Secondary | Sweetened Beverage Consumption | Adolescent self-reported sweetened beverages consumed in a typical day in past 3 months | Not Posted | 6 month | Participants |
| Secondary | Sweetened Beverage Consumption | Adolescent self-reported sweetened beverages consumed in a typical day in past 3 months | Not Posted | 12 month | Participants |
| Secondary | Fruit and Vegetable Consumption | Adolescent self-reported fruits and vegetables consumed in a typical day in past 3 months | Not Posted | 6 month | Participants |
| Secondary | Fruit and Vegetable Consumption | Adolescent self-reported fruits and vegetables consumed in a typical day in past 3 months | Not Posted | 12 month | Participants |
| Secondary | Physical Activity | Adolescent self-reported days with >60 minutes of physical activity in an average week in past 3 months | Not Posted | 6 month | Participants |
| Secondary | Physical Activity | Adolescent self-reported days with >60 minutes of physical activity in an average week in past 3 months | Not Posted | 12 month | Participants |
| Secondary | Sleep | Adolescent self-reported hours of sleep on a typical night in past 3 months | Not Posted | 6 month | Participants |
| Secondary | Sleep | Adolescent self-reported hours of sleep on a typical night in past 3 months | Not Posted | 12 month | Participants |
| Secondary | Alcohol Consumption | Adolescent self-reported number of days of alcohol consumption and drinks during typical drinking episode in the prior month | Not Posted | 6 month | Participants |
| Secondary | Alcohol Consumption | Adolescent self-reported number of days of alcohol consumption and drinks during typical drinking episode in the prior month | Not Posted | 12 month | Participants |
| Secondary | Marijuana and/or Other Drug Consumption | Adolescent self-reported number of days using marijuana in the past month and/or other drugs used in past 3 months | Not Posted | 6 month | Participants |
| Secondary | Marijuana and/or Other Consumption | Adolescent self-reported number of days using marijuana in the past month and/or other drugs used in past 3 months | Not Posted | 12 month | Participants |
| Secondary | Depression | Adolescent self-reported depression as measured on the nine item Patient Health Questionnaire in past 2 weeks | Not Posted | 6 month | Participants |
| Secondary | Depression | Adolescent self-reported depression as measured on the nine item Patient Health Questionnaire in past 2 weeks | Not Posted | 12 month | Participants |
| Secondary | Seatbelt Use | Adolescent self-reported frequency of seatbelt use in a car in past 3 months | Not Posted | 6 month | Participants |
| Secondary | Seatbelt Use | Adolescent self-reported frequency of seatbelt use in a car in past 3 months | Not Posted | 12 month | Participants |
| Secondary | Helmet Use | Adolescent self-reported frequency of helmet use while bicycling in past 3 months | Not Posted | 6 month | Participants |
| Secondary | Helmet Use | Adolescent self-reported frequency of helmet use while bicycling in past 3 months | Not Posted | 12 month | Participants |
| Secondary | Texting While Driving | Adolescent self-reported endorsement of texting while driving in past 3 months | Not Posted | 6 month | Participants |
| Secondary | Texting While Driving | Adolescent self-reported endorsement of texting while driving in past 3 months | Not Posted | 12 month | Participants |
| Secondary | Condom Use and/or Birth Control Use | Adolescent self-reported condom use with sexual intercourse in the past 3 months and/or use of birth control at last sexual intercourse | Not Posted | 6 month | Participants |
| Secondary | Condom Use and/or Birth Control Use | Adolescent self-reported condom use with sexual intercourse in the past 3 months and/or use of birth control at last sexual intercourse | Not Posted | 12 month | Participants |
| Secondary | Driving With Alcohol Impairment | Adolescent self-reported driving under the influence of a substance | Not Posted | 6 month | Participants |
| Secondary | Driving With Alcohol Impairment | Adolescent self-reported driving under the influence of a substance | Not Posted | 12 month | Participants |
| Secondary | Interval Receipt of Care Questionnaire | Dichotomous variable indicating receipt of any follow-up care to address risk behaviors identified at baseline adjusted for baseline number of health risk behaviors. | Not Posted | 3 month | Participants |
| Secondary | Interval Receipt of Care Questionnaire | Dichotomous variable indicating receipt of any follow-up care to address risk | Not Posted | 6 month | Participants |
| Secondary | Interval Receipt of Care Questionnaire | Dichotomous variable indicating receipt of any follow-up care to address risk | Not Posted | 12 month | Participants |
| Secondary | Readiness to Change Ruler Questionnaire | Assessment of adolescent reported motivation to change overall health using a Readiness to Change Ruler. | Not Posted | 1 day | Participants |
| Secondary | Readiness to Change Ruler Questionnaire | Assessment of adolescent reported motivation to change overall health using a Readiness to Change Ruler. | Not Posted | 3 month | Participants |
| Secondary | Readiness to Change Ruler Questionnaire | Assessment of adolescent reported motivation to change overall health using a Readiness to Change Ruler. | Not Posted | 6 month | Participants |
| Secondary | Readiness to Change Ruler Questionnaire | Assessment of adolescent reported motivation to change overall health using a Readiness to Change Ruler. | Not Posted | 12 month | Participants |
| Secondary | Tobacco Use | Adolescent self-reported tobacco use in past 3 months | Not Posted | 6 month | Participants |
| Secondary | Tobacco Use | Adolescent self-reported tobacco use in past 3 months | Not Posted | 12 month | Participants |
| 0 |
| 167 |
| 0 |
| 167 |
| 0 |
| 167 |
| EG001 | No Intervention: Usual Care | In the usual care group, adolescents are asked to complete health risk screening on a computer. No personalized feedback is provided to adolescents and primary care providers do not receive I-ACT or the Check Yourself summary report of the adolescent's health risk behaviors. | 0 | 135 | 0 | 135 | 0 | 135 |
Not provided
Not provided