Bone Regeneration With Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Bone Regeneration in Mandibular Fractures After the Application of Autologous Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Randomized Clinical Trial.

Mandible fractures are a common cause of facial injury in adults. The autologous mesenchymal stem cell (AMSC) transplantation, is proposed as an alternative to the conventional graft treatment, improving bone neoformation.The objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of AMSCs application in mandibular fractures to reduce regeneration time and increase bone quality.

Single blinded controlled clinical trial in patients with mandibular angle fracture. The patients were divided into: Study Group (SG): fracture reduction plus application of AMSCs, Control Group (CG): Same procedure without AMSCs. AMSCs were obtained from adipose tissue , 24 hrs before the procedure. Intensity and density were evaluated in normal bone and fractured bone, at 4 and 12 weeks after surgery using panoramic radiography and computed tomography. (CT)

A total of 20 patients, 10 in each group were included. SG with a mean age of 31.2 ± 6.3 years and CG 29.7 ± 7.2 years, all patients were male. Bone quality at week 4 SG 108.82 ± 3.4 vs CG 93.92 ± 2.6 (p = 0.000) by panoramic radiography, SG 123 ± 4.53 vs CG 99.72 ± 5.72 (p = 0.000) by CT. At week 12: SG 153.53±1.83 vs CG 101.81±4.83 (p= 0.000) by panoramic radiography, SG 165.4 ± 4.2 vs CG 112.05±2.1 (p= 0.000) by CT.

The application of AMSCs presented at week 4 similar ossification values compared with normal bone and a 36.48 % higher ossification rate at week 12.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Entitled patients to the Mexican Institute of Social Security
• Patients with mandibular condyle fractures associated or not to other initial fracture that required Open reduction and internal fixation
• Ages from 17 to 59 years
• Both female and male gender
• Patients who gave their consent to be part of this trial

Exclusion Criteria:

• Patients younger than 17 years and older than 59 years
• Chronic-degenerative diseases, active smoking, collagen disorders
• Patients with signs of infection in the aimed area to treat and in whom the fracture occurred in a longer period than 10 days before their surgery.