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The purpose of this study is to identify challenges and successes associated with implementing an enhanced medication therapy management service in primary care practice.
The specific aim of this study is to implement a Medication Therapy Management (MTM) service in primary care that is enhanced by the incorporation of pharmacogenomics (PGx) and medication risk mitigation (MRM) factor technology and is standardized by a systematic approach to evidence- and personalized-based medicine. The primary objective is to implement the systematic approach to delivering an enhanced MTM service in a primary care setting. Secondary objectives include: determine how successful the communication between prescriber and pharmacist is within implementing the service, determine how PGx testing can be incorporated into primary care prescribers' daily work flow, determine if patients are receptive to PGx testing, determine how satisfied prescribers are with an enhanced MTM clinical service and their confidence to conduct on their own, and determine if enhanced MTM optimizes or changes drug therapy for patients.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Medication therapy management | Experimental | Medication therapy management service that is enhanced by the incorporation of pharmacogenomics and medication risk mitigation factor technology |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Medication therapy management | Other | Implementation of a systematic approach to evidence- and personalized-based medicine through a pharmacist-guided medication therapy management service |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Qualitative description of process-related challenges and successes as assessed by observation and survey | Implementation | 3 months |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Quantitative description of bidirectional communication as assessed by turn-around times from pharmacist's recommendations delivered to prescriber's responses received | Communication | 3 months |
| Qualitative description of incorporation of pharmacogenomic testing into workflow and receptiveness as assessed by observation and survey |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Kevin T Bain, PharmD, MPH | Tabula Rasa HealthCare | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Elmwood Family Physicians | Marlton | New Jersey | 08053 | United States |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 18056659 | Background | Budnitz DS, Shehab N, Kegler SR, Richards CL. Medication use leading to emergency department visits for adverse drug events in older adults. Ann Intern Med. 2007 Dec 4;147(11):755-65. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-147-11-200712040-00006. | |
| 18594048 | Background | Kongkaew C, Noyce PR, Ashcroft DM. Hospital admissions associated with adverse drug reactions: a systematic review of prospective observational studies. Ann Pharmacother. 2008 Jul;42(7):1017-25. doi: 10.1345/aph.1L037. Epub 2008 Jul 1. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D054539 | Medication Therapy Management |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010593 | Pharmaceutical Services |
| D006296 | Health Services |
| D005159 | Health Care Facilities Workforce and Services |
| D054524 | Medicare Part D |
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|
Pharmacogenomic testing |
| 3 months |
| Qualitative description of prescriber satisfaction with enhanced medication therapy management services as assessed by survey | Prescriber survey | 3 months |
| Qualitative and quantitative description of potential impact of enhanced medication therapy management services on drug regimens as assessed by before-and-after observations | Impact | 3 months |
| 9002492 | Background | Classen DC, Pestotnik SL, Evans RS, Lloyd JF, Burke JP. Adverse drug events in hospitalized patients. Excess length of stay, extra costs, and attributable mortality. JAMA. 1997 Jan 22-29;277(4):301-6. |
| 11297331 | Background | Ernst FR, Grizzle AJ. Drug-related morbidity and mortality: updating the cost-of-illness model. J Am Pharm Assoc (Wash). 2001 Mar-Apr;41(2):192-9. doi: 10.1016/s1086-5802(16)31229-3. |
| 10521338 | Background | Evans WE, Relling MV. Pharmacogenomics: translating functional genomics into rational therapeutics. Science. 1999 Oct 15;286(5439):487-91. doi: 10.1126/science.286.5439.487. |
| 23482734 | Background | Doan J, Zakrzewski-Jakubiak H, Roy J, Turgeon J, Tannenbaum C. Prevalence and risk of potential cytochrome P450-mediated drug-drug interactions in older hospitalized patients with polypharmacy. Ann Pharmacother. 2013 Mar;47(3):324-32. doi: 10.1345/aph.1R621. Epub 2013 Mar 12. |
| 29180545 | Derived | Schwartz EJ, Turgeon J, Patel J, Patel P, Shah H, Issa AM, Knowlton OV, Knowlton CH, Bain KT. Implementation of a Standardized Medication Therapy Management Plus Approach within Primary Care. J Am Board Fam Med. 2017 Nov-Dec;30(6):701-714. doi: 10.3122/jabfm.2017.06.170145. |
| D007356 | Insurance, Pharmaceutical Services |
| D007348 | Insurance, Health |
| D007341 | Insurance |
| D005381 | Financing, Organized |
| D004467 | Economics |
| D004472 | Health Care Economics and Organizations |
| D006278 | Medicare |
| D010346 | Patient Care Management |
| D006298 | Health Services Administration |