Participants will be asked to review a handout from the National Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention (NCP) on recommended screening tests and immunizations on or around the same date as their next primary care appointment.

The investigators will use survey data to evaluate changes in perception of risk for T2DM after an HbA1c test and brief counseling or review of health promotion literature. The Adriaanse T2DM Risk Perception Scale, which was included in the survey, measured self-assessed risk perception from 0 denoting no choice of developing T2DM to 100 denoting absolute confidence in developing T2DM.

The investigators will use survey data to evaluate changes in knowledge of strategies to prevent T2DM after an HbA1c test and brief counseling or review of health promotion literature. Respondents were given 3 open-ended questions to report things they could do to prevent T2DM. Each respective response to the 3 questions were coded and scored according to whether they indicated engagement in the following activities: weight loss, physical activity, use of metformin, or enrollment into a diabetes prevention program. Each question denoted with a positive response were coded with 1 whereas those that did not were coded as a 0. The three questions were summed into a final score ranging from 0 (no report of engagement in the aforementioned healthy activities) with the worst outcome to 3 (a report of 3 of the 4 aforementioned healthy activities) with the best outcome.

The investigators will use survey data to evaluate changes in motivation to prevent T2DM after an HbA1c test and brief counseling or review of health promotion literature. The Treatment Self-Regulation Questionnaire (TSRQ) was included in the survey and respondents were asked about their level of motivation from 1 (Not at all motivated) to 10 (Highly motivated).

The investigators will use survey data to evaluate changes in self-efficacy to engage in behaviors to prevent T2DM after an HbA1c test and brief counseling or review of health promotion literature. The Perceived Competence Scale was used to measure respondent self-efficacy from 1 (lowest) to 7 (highest).

The investigators will use survey data to evaluate changes in physical activity after an HbA1c test and brief counseling or review of health promotion literature. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire - Short Form (IPAQ-SF) was used to measure physical activity change. Respondents were asked to report how many hours and minutes within the past week they completed of vigorous physical activity, moderate physical activity, and brisk walking. The total sum of minutes for these three questions were subsequently coded into a yes/no binary variable for whether respondents met a recommended 150 minutes of overall physical activity within 7 days of being assessed. The values provided reflect a proportion of respondents that met or exceeded the 150 minute threshold of overall physical activity based on the newly generated variable that combined total minutes of vigorous physical activity, moderate physical activity, and brisk walking.

The investigators will use survey data to evaluate changes in SF-12 mental health scores after an HbA1c test and brief counseling or review of health promotion literature. The SF-12 provides a calculation of (1) a physical score (PCS-12) generated from a subset of questions focused on physical health and (2) a mental health score (MCS-12) generated from a subset of questions focused on mental health. The data provided represent the mean score of the PCS-12 and MCS-12. Scores range from 0 to 100, where a zero score indicates the lowest level of physical/mental health measured by the scales and 100 indicates the highest level of physical/mental health.

Patients will not complete an HbA1c test and will instead receive brief counseling and written information about recommended screenings and immunizations.

Brochure Group Intervention: Participants will be asked to review a handout from the National Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention (NCP) on recommended screening tests and immunizations on or around the same date as their next primary care appointment.

Total of all reporting groups

Number of participants randomized to each arm

The number of males and females randomized to each arm. Each column represents the arm whereas the row represents the gender with the row totaling the number of males and females that enrolled in the study.

Participants in the Blood Test Group with Baseline HbA1c results in the prediabetic range of 5.7 - 6.4.

Participants in the Blood Test Group with Baseline HbA1c results in the prediabetic range of 5.7 - 6.4.

The investigators will use medical record data and survey data to evaluate changes in use of medication for T2DM prevention after an HbA1c test and brief counseling or review of health promotion literature.

The population consisted of veterans ages 75 and younger, who were due for an HbA1c lab, met inclusion and exclusion criteria at the time of enrollment, and had data available for this assessment

The investigators will use survey data to evaluate changes in participation in a weight management program after an HbA1c test and brief counseling or review of health promotion literature.

The population consisted of veterans ages 75 and younger, who were due for an HbA1c lab, met inclusion and exclusion criteria at the time of enrollment, and had data available for this assessment.

The investigators will use survey data to evaluate changes in perception of risk for T2DM after an HbA1c test and brief counseling or review of health promotion literature. The Adriaanse T2DM Risk Perception Scale, which was included in the survey, measured self-assessed risk perception from 0 denoting no choice of developing T2DM to 100 denoting absolute confidence in developing T2DM.

The population consisted of veterans ages 75 and younger, who were due for an HbA1c lab, met inclusion and exclusion criteria at the time of enrollment, and had data available for this assessment.

The investigators will use survey data to evaluate changes in knowledge of strategies to prevent T2DM after an HbA1c test and brief counseling or review of health promotion literature. Respondents were given 3 open-ended questions to report things they could do to prevent T2DM. Each respective response to the 3 questions were coded and scored according to whether they indicated engagement in the following activities: weight loss, physical activity, use of metformin, or enrollment into a diabetes prevention program. Each question denoted with a positive response were coded with 1 whereas those that did not were coded as a 0. The three questions were summed into a final score ranging from 0 (no report of engagement in the aforementioned healthy activities) with the worst outcome to 3 (a report of 3 of the 4 aforementioned healthy activities) with the best outcome.

The population consisted of veterans ages 75 and younger, who were due for an HbA1c lab, met inclusion and exclusion criteria at the time of enrollment, and had data available for this assessment.

The investigators will use survey data to evaluate changes in motivation to prevent T2DM after an HbA1c test and brief counseling or review of health promotion literature. The Treatment Self-Regulation Questionnaire (TSRQ) was included in the survey and respondents were asked about their level of motivation from 1 (Not at all motivated) to 10 (Highly motivated).

The population consisted of veterans ages 75 and younger, who were due for an HbA1c lab, met inclusion and exclusion criteria at the time of enrollment, and had data available for this assessment.

The investigators will use survey data to evaluate changes in self-efficacy to engage in behaviors to prevent T2DM after an HbA1c test and brief counseling or review of health promotion literature. The Perceived Competence Scale was used to measure respondent self-efficacy from 1 (lowest) to 7 (highest).

The population consisted of veterans ages 75 and younger, who were due for an HbA1c lab, met inclusion and exclusion criteria at the time of enrollment, and had data available for this assessment.

The investigators will use survey data to evaluate changes in physical activity after an HbA1c test and brief counseling or review of health promotion literature. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire - Short Form (IPAQ-SF) was used to measure physical activity change. Respondents were asked to report how many hours and minutes within the past week they completed of vigorous physical activity, moderate physical activity, and brisk walking. The total sum of minutes for these three questions were subsequently coded into a yes/no binary variable for whether respondents met a recommended 150 minutes of overall physical activity within 7 days of being assessed. The values provided reflect a proportion of respondents that met or exceeded the 150 minute threshold of overall physical activity based on the newly generated variable that combined total minutes of vigorous physical activity, moderate physical activity, and brisk walking.

The population consisted of veterans ages 75 and younger, who were due for an HbA1c lab, met inclusion and exclusion criteria at the time of enrollment, and had data available for this assessment.

The investigators will use survey data to evaluate changes in SF-12 mental health scores after an HbA1c test and brief counseling or review of health promotion literature. The SF-12 provides a calculation of (1) a physical score (PCS-12) generated from a subset of questions focused on physical health and (2) a mental health score (MCS-12) generated from a subset of questions focused on mental health. The data provided represent the mean score of the PCS-12 and MCS-12. Scores range from 0 to 100, where a zero score indicates the lowest level of physical/mental health measured by the scales and 100 indicates the highest level of physical/mental health.

The population consisted of veterans ages 75 and younger, who were due for an HbA1c lab, met inclusion and exclusion criteria at the time of enrollment, and had data available for this assessment.

Patients will not complete an HbA1c test and will instead receive brief counseling and written information about recommended screenings and immunizations.

Brochure Group Intervention: Participants will be asked to review a handout from the National Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention (NCP) on recommended screening tests and immunizations on or around the same date as their next primary care appointment.