Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| Leiden University Medical Center | OTHER |
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRl) of the brain is used to measure pleasantness after consumption of four different milkshakes with added sugars or sweeteners.
The central role of the brain in regulating food intake and steering feeding behaviour is increasingly recognized. It is currently well accepted that the brain is the target organ to measure the effects of pleasantness and energy homeostasis in order to change feeding behaviour to reduce the rising prevalence of obesity. The effects of food on the brain are multiple and complex. In addition to primary aspects of food such as taste, texture, looks and smell, secondary aspects such as energy regulation are as much important in the entire "eating experience". Resting state functional connectivity in the brain can be assessed by the analysis of low-frequency fluctuations present in the blood-oxygenation-level-dependent (BOLD) signal in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Investigators will use resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRl) to detect changes in connectivity in the default mode and salience network after consumption of four different milkshakes with added sugars or sweeteners.
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Glucose | Active Comparator | Shake sweetened with glucose |
|
| Fructose | Active Comparator | Shake sweetened with fructose |
|
| Sucralose | Experimental | Shake sweetened with sucralose |
|
| Allulose | Experimental | Shake sweetened with allulose |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Glucose | Other |
| ||
| Fructose |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change from baseline in the connectivity in the default mode and salience network: glucose and fructose vs. sucralose and allulose. | Six minutes before (baseline) and 12 minutes after (response) test product intake |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| 2. Change from baseline in the connectivity in the default mode and salience network: glucose vs. fructose. | Six minutes before (baseline) and 12 minutes after (response) test product intake | |
| 3. Change from baseline in the connectivity in the default mode and salience network: allulose vs. sucralose. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| 4. Change from baseline in the connectivity in the default mode and salience network: glucose vs allulose; glucose vs sucralose; fructose vs sucralose and fructose vs allulose. | Six minutes before (baseline) and 12 minutes after (response) test product intake | |
| Changes from baseline in the BOLD signal |
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
Diabetes or history of other disturbances of glucose metabolism (eg impaired glucose tolerance, hypoglycaemia).
Any genetic or psychiatric disease (e.g. fragile X syndrome, major depression) affecting brain
Any know food allergy or intolerance
Any significant chronic disease
Renal or hepatic disease
Recent weight changes or attempts to lose weight (> 3 kg weight gain or loss, within the last 3 months)
Smoking (current or last 6 months)
Alcohol consumption of more than 21 units per week or use of recreational drugs at present or in the last year
Recent blood donation (within the last 2 months)
Recent participation in other biomedical research projects (within the last 3 months), participation in 3 or more biomedical research projects in one year
Contra-indication to MRI scanning:
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Jeroen van der Grond, Dr. | Leiden University Medical Center | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Leids Universitair Medisch Centrum | Leiden | South Holland | Netherlands |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 32875733 | Derived | Lodi A, Zarantonello L, Bisiacchi PS, Cenci L, Paoli A. Ketonemia and Glycemia Affect Appetite Levels and Executive Functions in Overweight Females During Two Ketogenic Diets. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2020 Oct;28(10):1868-1877. doi: 10.1002/oby.22934. Epub 2020 Sep 1. | |
| 31288630 | Derived | Van Opstal AM, Hafkemeijer A, van den Berg-Huysmans AA, Hoeksma M, Mulder TPJ, Pijl H, Rombouts SARB, van der Grond J. Brain activity and connectivity changes in response to nutritive natural sugars, non-nutritive natural sugar replacements and artificial sweeteners. Nutr Neurosci. 2021 May;24(5):395-405. doi: 10.1080/1028415X.2019.1639306. Epub 2019 Jul 10. |
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D005947 | Glucose |
| D005632 | Fructose |
| C026285 | trichlorosucrose |
| C003243 | psicose |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D006601 | Hexoses |
| D009005 | Monosaccharides |
| D000073893 | Sugars |
| D002241 | Carbohydrates |
| D007661 |
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
|
| Sucralose | Other |
|
| Allulose | Other |
|
| Six minutes before (baseline) and 12 minutes after (response) test product intake |
Using whole brain approach as well as seed based (hypothalamus, prefrontal cortex, nucleus accumbens, Ventral Tegmental Area, Amygdala).
| Six minutes before (baseline) and 12 minutes after (response) test product intake |
| Ketoses |