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This study investigates whether: (i) a family history of type 2 diabetes affects exercise induced improvements in insulin sensitivity. (ii) being prediabetic affects exercise induced improvements in glycemic control. (iii) sex differences affect exercise induced improvements in glycemic control.
A family history of T2D (FH+) is a risk factor for developing insulin resistance (which precedes T2D) and T2D (Ryder et al., 2003). Exercise training on the other hand has been shown to improve insulin sensitivity and is highly effective to prevent/manage T2D. However it is not known if early signs of insulin resistance appear before being clinically diagnosed and if the benefits of exercise which prevent/cure T2D, are limited to the offspring of Hispanic T2D parents. Therefore, the proposed study will determine 1) if normoglycemic (normal blood glucose) offspring of T2D parents are insulin resistant, using the gold standard method to measure insulin sensitivity and metabolic flexibility (ability to switch between carbohydrate and fat oxidation) 2) if 8 weeks of exercise training improves insulin sensitivity and metabolic flexibility to the same extent in FH+ compared to normoglycemic offspring of parents without any history of T2D (FH-) and 3) if 8 weeks of exercise training will change the blood, lipid and molecular profiles relevant to insulin sensitivity to same extent in FH+ compared to offspring of parents without family history of T2D (FH-). This study will also determine how differently individuals with prediabetes response to exercise compared to those with normal glucose and further investigate sex differences in cardiometabolic response to exercise training.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Family history of T2D | Experimental | The participants will undergo 8 weeks of combined exercise |
|
| No Family history of T2D | Experimental | The participants will undergo 8 weeks of combined exercise |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 8 weeks of combined exercise intervention | Other | The subjects will undergo an 8 week combined exercise intervention |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Insulin sensitivity | Insulin sensitivity will be measured hyperinsulinemic -euglycemic clamp | 8-weeks |
| Glycemic control (long term) | Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) will be measured from whole blood with a bench top chemistry analyzer | 8-weeks |
| Glycemic control (postprandial) | Postprandial glycemic control will be measured by an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) | 8-weeks |
| Glycemic variability | Glycemic variability will be assessed with glucose monitoring | 8-weeks |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Cellular mitochondria function | Cellular oxygen consumption of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) will be measured with seahorse analyzer. | 8-weeks |
| Cytokines | Interleukin (IL)-6 will be measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Sudip Bajpeyi, PhD. | University of Texas, El Paso | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| University of Texas at El Paso | El Paso | Texas | 79968 | United States |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D007333 | Insulin Resistance |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D006946 | Hyperinsulinism |
| D044882 | Glucose Metabolism Disorders |
| D008659 | Metabolic Diseases |
| D009750 | Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases |
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| 8-weeks |
| Blood gene expression markers of glycemic control | Blood microRNAs of glycemic control will be measured with quantitative polymerase chain reaction. | 8-weeks |
| Peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) markers of glucose metabolism | Peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) markers of glucose metabolism will assessed with flow cytometry. | 8-weeks |