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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| Umm Al-Qura University | OTHER |
| Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research (IBMP), Nürnberg-Heroldsberg, Germany | UNKNOWN |
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The objective of the present study is to contribute to establishing in vivo phenotyping procedures for organic anionic transporter polypeptide 1B1 (OATP1B1), organic cation transporters 1 and 2 (OCT1/2), multidrug and toxic compound extrusion transporters 1 and 2,kidney splice variant (MATE1/2K), organic anion transporters 1 and 3 (OAT1/3), and p-glycoprotein (P-gp) transporters via a cocktail approach. To this end, marker substrates for each of the respective transporters are administered as single doses in one period each and as a cocktail in one period to 24 healthy volunteers, and phenotyping metrics are derived from plasma and urine concentrations.
Blood sampling: - 0:15 h pre-dose, 0:15, 0:30, 0:45, 1:00, 1:20, 1:40, 2:00, 2:20, 2:40, 3:00, 3:30, 4:00, 5:00, 6:00, 8:00, 12:00, 16:00, 24:00 hours post-dose
Urine Sampling: Pre-dose, 0-4 hours, 4-8 hours, 8-12 hours, 12-16 hours, 16-24 hours
Drug analysis: by liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)
Pharmacokinetic Characteristics: Evaluation is carried out using standard noncompartmental characteristics including: area under the plasma concentration vs. time curve truncated at time t (AUC0-t), area under the plasma concentration vs. time curve extrapolated to infinity (AUC0-∞), peak plasma concentration (Cmax), time of occurrence of Cmax (tmax), apparent elimination half-life (t½), clearance over bioavailability (CL/F), renal clearance (CLr) and renal secretion. The evaluation may be completed by compartmental population pharmacokinetic approaches.
Statistical evaluation: Pharmacokinetic characteristics are compared for cocktail administration vs. individual administration by standard average bioequivalence assessment.
Safety, tolerability: Adverse events, laboratory and clinical parameters and vital signs will be assessed.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| pitavastatin (OATP1B1) | Experimental | 2 mg pitavastatin single dose |
|
| metformin (MATE1, MATE2K, OCT1, OCT2) | Experimental | 500 mg metformin single dose |
|
| digoxin (intestinal & renal P-glycoprotein) | Experimental | 0.5 mg digoxin single dose |
|
| adefovir dipivoxil (OAT1) | Experimental | 10 mg adefovir dipivoxil single dose |
|
| sitagliptin (OAT3) | Experimental | 100 mg sitagliptin single dose |
|
| cocktail (all substances) | Experimental | combination of all individual drugs at respective single doses |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| pitavastatin | Drug |
|
| |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| organic anionic transporter polypeptide 1B1 (OATP1B1): Clearance over bioavailability (CL/F) of pitavastatin | PK parameter | 24 hours |
| organic cation transporters 1 and 2 (OCT1/2), multidrug and toxic compound extrusion transporters 1 and 2,kidney splice variant (MATE1/2K): Renal clearance (CLr) of metformin | PK parameter | 24 hours |
| intestinal p-glycoprotein (P-gp): Peak Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of digoxin | PK parameter | 24 hours |
| renal p-glycoprotein (P-gp): Renal clearance (CLr) of digoxin: | PK parameter | 24 hours |
| organic anion transporter 1 (OAT1): Renal clearance (CLr) of adefovir | PK parameter | 24 hours |
| organic anion transporter 3 (OAT3): Renal clearance (CLr) of sitagliptin | PK parameter | 24 hours |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
Standard for healthy volunteers, including:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Uwe Fuhr, Prof. Dr. | Department of Pharmacology I, University Hospital Cologne Cologne, NRW, Germany, 50931 | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Department of Pharmacology I, University Hospital Cologne | Cologne | North Rhine-Westphalia | 50931 | Germany |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 32719417 | Derived | Hsin CH, Stoffel MS, Gazzaz M, Schaeffeler E, Schwab M, Fuhr U, Taubert M. Combinations of common SNPs of the transporter gene ABCB1 influence apparent bioavailability, but not renal elimination of oral digoxin. Sci Rep. 2020 Jul 27;10(1):12457. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-69326-y. | |
| 31247117 | Derived | Trueck C, Hsin CH, Scherf-Clavel O, Schaeffeler E, Lenssen R, Gazzaz M, Gersie M, Taubert M, Quasdorff M, Schwab M, Kinzig M, Sorgel F, Stoffel MS, Fuhr U. A Clinical Drug-Drug Interaction Study Assessing a Novel Drug Transporter Phenotyping Cocktail With Adefovir, Sitagliptin, Metformin, Pitavastatin, and Digoxin. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2019 Dec;106(6):1398-1407. doi: 10.1002/cpt.1564. Epub 2019 Aug 12. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| C108475 | pitavastatin |
| D008687 | Metformin |
| D004077 | Digoxin |
| C053001 | adefovir |
| C106812 | adefovir dipivoxil |
| D000068900 | Sitagliptin Phosphate |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001645 | Biguanides |
| D006146 | Guanidines |
| D000578 | Amidines |
| D009930 | Organic Chemicals |
| D004071 |
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| Metformin |
| Drug |
|
|
| digoxin | Drug |
|
|
| Adefovir | Drug |
|
|
| sitagliptin | Drug |
|
|
| Digitalis Glycosides |
| D002298 | Cardenolides |
| D002301 | Cardiac Glycosides |
| D002297 | Cardanolides |
| D013256 | Steroids |
| D000072473 | Fused-Ring Compounds |
| D011083 | Polycyclic Compounds |
| D006027 | Glycosides |
| D002241 | Carbohydrates |
| D014230 | Triazoles |
| D001393 | Azoles |
| D006573 | Heterocyclic Compounds, 1-Ring |
| D006571 | Heterocyclic Compounds |
| D011719 | Pyrazines |