For those randomized to the CBT-I group, the therapist will initiate telephone-delivered cognitive-behavioral therapy within 2 weeks of baseline assessment. Participants will complete 4 telephone sessions over a period of 8 weeks. Sessions last approximately 45 minutes. CBT-I is a short-term, focused psychotherapy that is action-oriented, practical, rational, and helps the patient gain independence and effectiveness in dealing with real-life issues. Techniques utilized in CBT-I include psychoeducation, sleep hygiene, cognitive restructuring, stimulus control, sleep restriction, and relaxation training.

Individuals randomized to the self-monitoring control group will be asked to complete a weeklong sleep diary every other week for 8 weeks. The sleep diary will inquire about (1) the time of getting into bed; (2) the time at which the individual attempted to fall asleep; (3) sleep onset latency; (4) number of awakenings; (5) duration of awakenings; (6) time of final awakening; (7) final rise time; (8) perceived sleep quality (rated via Likert scale); and (9) an additional space for open-ended comments from the respondent. The control condition is designed to increase self-monitoring, which has been demonstrated to be an effective means of inducing change for various health behaviors such as diet and exercise.

Cognitive-behavioral therapy is a short-term, focused psychotherapy for a wide range of psychological and behavioral issues including depression, anxiety, anger, and non-compliance. The focus of the intervention is on how one thinks, behaves, and communicates in real time, as opposed to a focus on one's early childhood experiences. The therapist assists the patient in identifying specific distortions and biases in thinking and provides guidance on how to modify these beliefs. CBT helps the patient learn effective self-help skills that are used in homework assignments that ultimately help change the way one thinks, feels and behaves. The

 intervention is action-oriented, practical, rational, and helps the patient gain independence and effectiveness in dealing with real-life issues. Techniques utilized in CBT-I include psychoeducation, sleep hygiene, cognitive restructuring, stimulus control, sleep restriction, and relaxation training.