Carbon Ion Radiotherapy for the Treatment of Localized Prostate Cancer

The aim of this research project is to assess the feasibility and safety of carbon-ion radiotherapy (CIRT) for the treatment of in Chinese localized prostate cancer

The purpose of this study is to determine the maximal tolerated dose (MTD) of CIRT in the treatment of localized prostate cancer and to evaluate the efficacy of such treatment at the MTD. Participants will be treated with CIRT with escalating dose regimens to evaluate the maximal tolerated dose (MTD) in terms of acute and subacute toxicity observed during and within 6 months after the completion of CIRT. Once the MTD for localized prostate cancer is determined, the MTD will be used as the recommended dose to patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria in the Phase II part of the trial.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Pathologically confirmed adenocarcinoma of the prostate
• No lymph node and distant metastasis
• Age ≥ 20 and < 85 years of age
• Karnofsky Performance Score ≥70
• No previous pelvic radiation therapy (RT)
• No previous prostatectomy
• No previous invasive cancer (within 5 years before the prostate cancer diagnosis)except for skin non-melanoma cancer
• Ability to understand character and individual consequences of the clinical trial
• Willing to sign the written informed consent; Informed consent must be signed before the enrollment in the trial

Exclusion Criteria:

• No pathologically confirmed adenocarcinoma of the prostate
• Pelvic lymph node metastasis (N1)
• Distant metastasis (M1)
• Urinary obstructive symptoms (IPSS > 20)
• Previous pelvic radiotherapy
• Previous prostatectomy
• Severe systemic disorders
• Concomitant disorders including: chronic urinary or intestinal inflammatory conditions (for example, ulcerous recto-colitis, Crohn disease), anti-coagulant treatment (warfarin, heparin)
• Previous malignancy except for skin non-melanoma cancer or 3-year disease free interval from previous malignancy like non muscle invasive bladder cancer
• Non conformity of the radiotherapy dose distribution when compared to the dose constraints
• Psychiatric disorders or any other condition that can make unreliable the informed consent