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Administratively inactivated by IRB due to no response for Continuing Review
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The study will measure the impact of sanitation access on women and girl's social and emotional health, behaviors, and quality of life in rural India before and after a sanitation intervention compared to a comparison group that will receive the same intervention at a later date.
This mixed-methods, quasi-experimental study will evaluate the extent to which the Global Sanitation Fund (GSF) sanitation program in Bihar, India improves health and well-being among women and girls. Our study consists of a controlled before-and-after (CBA) study with an embedded ethnography.
Specific objectives are:
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| GSF Sanitation intervention | Experimental | This arm will receive the GSF sanitation intervention, a community-level sanitation intervention |
|
| Comparator | No Intervention | This arm will receive the GSF intervention in 2017 or later. |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GSF Intervention | Other | Intervention utilizes community-based demand generation matched with supply side improvements to improve access and use of sanitation facilities in rural communities. This is complimented with multi-stakeholder engagement to promote cooperation and coordination with national, state, and local stakeholders. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Sanitation-Related Psychosocial Stress Scale (SRPS) | The SRPS consist of 25 yes/no questions on experiences related to sanitation within the past thirty days of the date the SRPS is completed.This SRPS Scale specifically includes questions related to defecation, menstrual hygiene management, and post-defecation cleaning - the three behaviors that have the greatest contribution to sanitation-related psychosocial stress among women in India. | 12 month follow-up |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Perceived Stress Scale (PSS10) | A measure for non-specific perceived stress. The PSS10 is the short form of the PSS and consist of 10 items rated on a 5-point Likert scale (0 to 4). Scores are calculated by reverse scoring items with positive wording and summing across all items for a final score of 0 to 40. The PSS10 is not a diagnostic scale. | 12 month follow-up |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Oliver Cumming, Mr. | London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine | Study Director |
| Kathleen O'Reilly, PhD | Texas A&M University | Study Director |
| Seema Kulkarni | Society for the Promotion of Participatory Ecosystem Management (SOPPECOM) | Study Director |
| Robert Dreibelbis, PhD | University of Oklahoma | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NEERMAN | Mumbai | 400 022 | India |
De-identified data will be made available after completion of the study.
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D013315 | Stress, Psychological |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001526 | Behavioral Symptoms |
| D001519 | Behavior |
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| Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10) | The K10 provides a measure of non-specific psychological distress and consists of 10 items rated on a 5-point Likert scale (1 to 5). Scores are calculated by summing response across each item. | 12 month follow-up |
| The WHO5 Well-Being Index (WHO-5) | The WHO5 consist of 5 items rated on a 6-point Likert scale (0 to 5) related to subjective well-being, vitality, and mood. | 12 month follow-up |
| Self-reported urogenital infections | Urogenital infections, a health outcome linked to both menstrual hygiene management practices and sanitation access (Das et al., 2015) will be identified through self-report of any one of the following four symptoms: abnormal vaginal discharge (unusual texture / color and/or more abundant discharge than normal), burning or itching of the genitalia, burning or itching when urinating, or having genital sores. | 12 month follow-up |
| Hair cortisol | Hair cortisol will be assessed in a sub-sample of women in both intervention and comparison communities. | 12 month follow-up |
| Sleep duration | Sleep duration will be assessed through a variety of self-report methods. The investigators will adapt questions from the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index that assess sleep duration over the past month: 1. During this past month, how many hours of actual sleep did the participant usually get at night? (Herring et al., 2013). The investigators will also ask the following questions: 1. To the best of the participant's knowledge, what time did the participant go to bed last night? 2. To the best of the participant's knowledge, what time did the participant wake up this morning? | 12 month follow-up |