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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| AstraZeneca | INDUSTRY |
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Approximately 25% of patients with type 1 diabetes have lost the capacity to timely detect hypoglycaemia, a condition referred to as impaired hypoglycaemic awareness (IHA) that causes a six-fold higher risk of severe, potentially hazardous, hypoglycaemia. IHA is usually the end-result of a process of habituation to recurrent hypoglycemia that is potentially reversible. Treatment with glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 Receptor Agonists (1RAs) in addition to insulin therapy may decrease the incidence of hypoglycaemia in patients with type 1 diabetes. This study will test the hypothesis that treatment with the GLP-1RA, exenatide, added to basal-bolus insulin therapy will improve awareness of hypoglycaemia in patients with type 1 diabetes and IHA. In a randomized doubleblind placebo-controlled cross-over trial, patients will be treated for 6 weeks with exenatide (or placebo), after which hypoglycemic symptoms and counterregulatory hormone responses will be examined during a hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemic glucose clamp study.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| EXENATIDE | Active Comparator | Exenatide
|
|
| PLACEBO | Placebo Comparator | Placebo matched to exenatide
|
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Exenatide | Drug | 6 weeks treatment with exenatide on top of insulin treatment |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Symptom score in response to insulin-induced hypoglycaemia | Measured during hyperinsulinemic hypoglycaemic glucose clamps | 30 minutes |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Adrenaline response to insulin-induced hypoglycaemia | Measured in plasma during hyperinsulinemic hypoglycaemic glucose clamps | 30 minutes |
| Glucagon response to insulin-induced hypoglycaemia | Measured in plasma during hyperinsulinemic hypoglycaemic glucose clamps |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Pulse rate | Measured during hyperinsulinemic hypoglycaemic glucose clamps | 6 weeks |
| Gastrointestinal side effects | 16 weeks |
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Radboud university medical centre | Nijmegen | Netherlands |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D003922 | Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 |
| D007003 | Hypoglycemia |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D003920 | Diabetes Mellitus |
| D044882 | Glucose Metabolism Disorders |
| D008659 | Metabolic Diseases |
| D009750 | Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000077270 | Exenatide |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010455 | Peptides |
| D000602 | Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins |
| D014688 | Venoms |
| D045424 | Complex Mixtures |
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| Placebo | Drug | 6 weeks treatment with placebo on top of insulin treatment |
|
| 30 minutes |
| Time until glycaemic recovery from hypoglycaemia | Measured during hyperinsulinemic hypoglycaemic glucose clamps | 1 hour |
| Maximal glucose excursion post-hypoglycaemia | Measured during hyperinsulinemic hypoglycaemic glucose clamps | 1 hour |
| Time until glucose peak post-hypoglycaemia | Measured after hyperinsulinemic hypoglycaemic glucose clamps | 1 hour |
| Area under the glucose concentration curve post-hypoglycaemia | Measured after hyperinsulinemic hypoglycaemic glucose clamps | 1 hour |
| Hunger score post-hypoglycaemia | Measured after hyperinsulinemic hypoglycaemic glucose clamps | 1 hour |
| Carbohydrate requirement after recovery from hypoglycaemia | Measured after hyperinsulinemic hypoglycaemic glucose clamps by showing pictures of various carbohydrate-containing snacks and beverages | 1 hour |
| Number of severe hypoglycaemic events during follow-up | 16 weeks |
| Number of nocturnal hypoglycaemic events during follow-up | 16 weeks |
| Number of any hypoglycaemic events during follow-up | 16 weeks |
| Number of hypoglycaemic events measured by glucose sensor monitoring | optional (in participants agreeing to wear a continuous glucose sensor for 5 days) | 1 week |
| Time spent under hypoglycaemic conditions measured by glucose sensor monitoring | optional (in participants agreeing to wear a continuous glucose sensor for 5 days) | 1 week |
| Glucose variability as measured by glucose sensor monitoring | optional (in participants agreeing to wear a continuous glucose sensor for 5 days) | 1 week |
| D004700 | Endocrine System Diseases |
| D001327 | Autoimmune Diseases |
| D007154 | Immune System Diseases |
| D014118 |
| Toxins, Biological |
| D001685 | Biological Factors |