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The aim was to evaluate the performance of the C-MAC compared with Macintosh when performed in patients with immobilized cervical spine by unexperienced physicians.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Scenario A | Experimental | manikin with normal standard airway |
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| Scenario B | Experimental | Cervical immobilization using a standard Patriot cervical extraction collar (Oessur Americas, Foothill Ranch, CA, USA), applied to the manikin's neck by an instructor. |
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| Scenario C | Experimental | Cervical immobilization using a vacuum mattress (Ferno-Washington, Inc. Wilmington, OH, USA), applied to the manikin's neck by an instructor |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Standard endotracheal tube | Device | 1) Direct laryngoscopy using a Macintosh laryngoscope with size 3 blade (Mercury Medical, Clearwater, FL, USA) with a conventional 7.0 mm internal diameter (ID) tracheal tube |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Time required for successful intubation | 1 day |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| success rate of intubation attempt | success rate of first intubation attempt | 1 day |
| Cormack&Lehane grade | glottic view during intubation rate using Cormack&Lehane grade |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Łukasz Szarpak, PhD | Medical University of Warsaw | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Medical University of Warsaw, Department of Emergency Medicine | Warsaw | Masovia | 02-005 | Poland |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 26979260 | Background | Truszewski Z, Szarpak L, Smereka J, Kurowski A, Evrin T, Czyzewski L. Comparison of the VivaSight single lumen endotracheal tube and the Macintosh laryngoscope for emergency intubation by experienced paramedics in a standardized airway manikin with restricted access: a randomized, crossover trial. Am J Emerg Med. 2016 May;34(5):929-30. doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2016.02.054. Epub 2016 Feb 27. No abstract available. | |
| 26494629 |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D014947 | Wounds and Injuries |
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| C-MAC | Device | C-MAC introduced with a h size 3 blade. |
|
| 1 day |
| Dental Compression | the severity of the potential dental trauma was calculated based on previously described modified grading scale (Svoldelli, 2009) | 1 day |
| Ease of intubation | To access subjective opinion about the difficulty of each intubation method, participants were asked to rate it on a visual analog scale (VAS) with a score from 1 (extremely easy) to 10 (extremely difficult). | 1 day |
| Background |
| Bogdanski L, Truszewski Z, Kurowski A, Czyzewski L, Zasko P, Adamczyk P, Szarpak L. Simulated endotracheal intubation of a patient with cervical spine immobilization during resuscitation: a randomized comparison of the Pentax AWS, the Airtraq, and the McCoy Laryngoscopes. Am J Emerg Med. 2015 Dec;33(12):1814-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2015.09.005. Epub 2015 Sep 21. |
| 28041757 | Background | Gawlowski P, Smereka J, Madziala M, Szarpak L, Frass M, Robak O. Comparison of the Macintosh laryngoscope and blind intubation via the iGEL for Intubation With C-spine immobilization: A Randomized, crossover, manikin trial. Am J Emerg Med. 2017 Mar;35(3):484-487. doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2016.11.064. Epub 2016 Nov 30. |
| 28953308 | Derived | Karczewska K, Szarpak L, Smereka J, Dabrowski M, Ladny JR, Wieczorek W, Robak O, Frass M, Ahuja S, Ruetzler K. ET-View compared to direct laryngoscopy in patients with immobilized cervical spine by unexperienced physicians: A randomized crossover manikin trial. Anaesthesiol Intensive Ther. 2017;49(4):274-282. doi: 10.5603/AIT.a2017.0047. Epub 2017 Sep 27. |
| 27858851 | Derived | Truszewski Z, Krajewski P, Fudalej M, Smereka J, Frass M, Robak O, Nguyen B, Ruetzler K, Szarpak L. A comparison of a traditional endotracheal tube versus ETView SL in endotracheal intubation during different emergency conditions: A randomized, crossover cadaver trial. Medicine (Baltimore). 2016 Nov;95(44):e5170. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000005170. |