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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| Ministry of Health, Malaysia | OTHER_GOV |
| UMC Utrecht | OTHER |
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This study aims to determine which factors are related to change in diabetes-related distress and change in depressive symptoms after three years of follow-up in Asian adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus in primary care. The investigators will explore the impact of patient demographics, cardiometabolic control, medications adherence, health-related quality of life, self-efficacy and self-management behaviors on diabetes-related distress and depressive symptoms.
Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have been shown to experience psychological burden and distorted illness perception. These psychological burden include feeling of burned-out, fatigue, distress and depression, and in addition of distorted illness perception often lead to difficulty in coping with the demands of life-style changes and adherence to medication. Diabetes-related distress (DRD) and depressive symptoms (DS) were associated with glycaemic control and medication adherence, and life-styles behaviors, respectively. However, evidence on the relationships between DRD, DS and clinically significant outcomes are scarce in Asian adults with T2DM. Primary care patients who participated before will be re-invited. This is a repeated cross-sectional study of a cohorts of 700 patients who were first studied in 2013 (Emotional Distress in adults with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus & Quality of Life [EDDMQoL] study with the National Medical Research Register (NMRR) identification number: NMRR-12-1167-14158). Demographic data (age, gender, ethnicity, religion, educational level, occupation and monthly income), smoking status, self-perceive social support and health literacy will be collected by questionnaires.
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| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Diabetes-related distress measured with Diabetes Distress Scale-17 | Change in diabetes-related distress | Baseline and 3 year |
| Depressive symptoms measured with Patient Health Questionnaire-9 | Change in depressive symptoms | Baseline and 3 year |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Diabetes-related distress and depression combined | Change in both diabetes-related distress and depressive symptoms combined | Baseline and 3 year |
| Illness perceptions measured with Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Variability in HbA1c | Standard deviations of the HbA1c from the medical records | Baseline and 3-year |
| Variability in systolic blood pressure | Standard deviations of the systolic blood pressures from the medical records |
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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Patients who participated before in the EDDMQoL in 2013 (NMRR ID: NMRR-12-1167-14158)
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Boon How Chew, MMed | Universiti Putra Malaysia | Principal Investigator |
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| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 29089913 | Background | Chew BH, Vos RC, Stellato RK, Rutten GEHM. Diabetes-Related Distress and Depressive Symptoms Are Not Merely Negative over a 3-Year Period in Malaysian Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Receiving Regular Primary Diabetes Care. Front Psychol. 2017 Oct 17;8:1834. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01834. eCollection 2017. | |
| 29802952 | Background |
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Anonymous data will be made available in figshare
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D003924 | Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 |
| D019964 | Mood Disorders |
| D055118 | Medication Adherence |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D003920 | Diabetes Mellitus |
| D044882 | Glucose Metabolism Disorders |
| D008659 | Metabolic Diseases |
| D009750 | Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases |
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Cross-sectional, an association with other variables
| Through study completion |
| Diabetes distress measured with Problem Areas in Diabetes Scale (PAID-5) | Cross-sectional, an association with other variables | Through study completion |
| Baseline and 3-year |
| Variability in pulse rates | Standard deviations of the pulse rates from the medical records | Baseline and 3-year |
| Health care utilisation/hospitalisation | Retrospective records of the number of visits to healthcare facilities and hospitalisation from the medical records | 3-year |
| Chew BH, Vos RC, Pouwer F, Rutten GEHM. The associations between diabetes distress and self-efficacy, medication adherence, self-care activities and disease control depend on the way diabetes distress is measured: Comparing the DDS-17, DDS-2 and the PAID-5. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2018 Aug;142:74-84. doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2018.05.021. Epub 2018 May 24. |
| 28774271 | Result | Chew BH, Vos RC, Heijmans M, Shariff-Ghazali S, Fernandez A, Rutten GEHM. Validity and reliability of a Malay version of the brief illness perception questionnaire for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2017 Aug 3;17(1):118. doi: 10.1186/s12874-017-0394-5. |
| 34116645 | Derived | Chew BH, Hussain H, Supian ZA. Is therapeutic inertia present in hyperglycaemia, hypertension and hypercholesterolaemia management among adults with type 2 diabetes in three health clinics in Malaysia? a retrospective cohort study. BMC Fam Pract. 2021 Jun 11;22(1):111. doi: 10.1186/s12875-021-01472-2. |
| D004700 | Endocrine System Diseases |
| D001523 | Mental Disorders |
| D010349 | Patient Compliance |
| D010342 | Patient Acceptance of Health Care |
| D000074822 | Treatment Adherence and Compliance |
| D015438 | Health Behavior |
| D001519 | Behavior |