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A randomized controlled trial to investigate the efficacy of yoga on tension type headache and / or migraine in adolescents between 12 and 16 years, consisting of a four group design which includes an 12 week yoga course and a three-month follow-up period. Both adolescent and one parent will be randomized either to yoga or no treatment. Primary outcome will be pain frequency in adolescents considering pain catastrophizing of parents.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| adolescent yoga / parent control | Experimental | The adolescent will receive an 12 week yoga course, while one parent will only answer the questionnaires. |
|
| adolescent waitlist / parent yoga | Experimental | One parent will participate in an 12 week yoga course, while the adolescent will receive the intervention after the follow-up period. |
|
| adolescent yoga / parent yoga | Experimental | Both adolescent and parent will participate in an 12 week yoga course at the same time. |
|
| adolescent waitlist / parent control | No Intervention | The adolescent will receive the intervention after the follow-up period, while one parent will only answer the questionnaires. |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yoga for adolescents | Behavioral | 12 week hatha yoga course for adolescents |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Pain frequency adolescent | Measurement of pain frequency after yoga intervention via headache diary | Week 12 |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Pain frequency adolescent | Measurement of pain frequency after follow-up period via headache diary | Week 24 |
| Pain duration adolescent | Measurement of pain duration after yoga intervention via headache diary |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Adolescent:
Parents:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Elisabeth Krankenhaus | Essen | Germany | ||||
| Kinderkrankenhaus St. Marien |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D018781 | Tension-Type Headache |
| D008881 | Migraine Disorders |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D051270 | Headache Disorders, Primary |
| D020773 | Headache Disorders |
| D001927 | Brain Diseases |
| D002493 | Central Nervous System Diseases |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D015013 | Yoga |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D026441 | Mind-Body Therapies |
| D000529 | Complementary Therapies |
| D013812 | Therapeutics |
| D026443 | Spiritual Therapies |
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| Yoga for parents | Behavioral | 12 week hatha yoga course |
|
| Week 12 |
| Pain duration adolescent | Measurement of pain duration after follow-up period via headache diary | Week 24 |
| Pain intensity adolescent | Measurement of pain intensity after yoga intervention via headache diary | Week 12 |
| Pain intensity adolescent | Measurement of pain intensity after follow-up period via headache diary | Week 24 |
| Quality of life adolescent self-assessment | Measurement of quality of life in self-assessment after yoga intervention via the kidscreen 27 questionnaire | Week 12 |
| Quality of life adolescent self-assessment | Measurement of quality of life in self-assessment after follow-up period via the kidscreen 27 questionnaire | Week 24 |
| Quality of life adolescent external assessment | Measurement of quality of life in external assessment by one parent after yoga intervention via the kidscreen 27 questionnaire | Week 12 |
| Quality of life adolescent external assessment | Measurement of quality of life in external assessment by one parent after follow-up period via the kidscreen 27 questionnaire | Week 24 |
| Pain disability adolescent self-assessment | Measurement of pain disability in self-assessment after yoga intervention via the paediatric pain disability index (P-PDI) | Week 12 |
| Pain disability adolescent self-assessment | Measurement of pain disability in self-assessment after follow-up period via the paediatric pain disability index (P-PDI) | Week 24 |
| Pain disability adolescent external assessment | Measurement of pain disability in external assessment by one parent after yoga intervention via the paediatric pain disability index (P-PDI) | Week 12 |
| Pain disability adolescent external assessment | Measurement of pain disability in external assessment by one parent after follow-up period via the paediatric pain disability index (P-PDI) | Week 24 |
| Pain coping adolescent | Measurement of pain coping in self-assessment after yoga intervention via the Paediatric Pain Coping Inventory Revise (PPCI-R) | Week 12 |
| Pain coping adolescent | Measurement of pain coping in self-assessment after follow-up period via the Paediatric Pain Coping Inventory Revise (PPCI-R) | Week 24 |
| Depression adolescent | Measurement of Depression in self-assessment after yoga intervention via the Depressions Inventar für Kinder und Jugendliche (DIKJ) | Week 12 |
| Depression adolescent | Measurement of Depression in self-assessment after follow-up period via the Depressions Inventar für Kinder und Jugendliche (DIKJ) | Week 24 |
| Stress adolescent | Measurement of Stress in self-assessment after yoga intervention via the Problem Questionnaire (PQ) | Week 12 |
| Stress adolescent | Measurement of Stress in self-assessment after follow-up period via the Problem Questionnaire (PQ) | Week 24 |
| Pain catastrophizing parents | Measurement of parents pain catastrophizing in self-assessment by one parent after follow-up period via the Pain Catastrophizing Scale for Parents (PCS-P) | Week 12 |
| Pain catastrophizing parents | Measurement of parents pain catastrophizing in self-assessment by one parent after follow-up period via the Pain Catastrophizing Scale for Parents (PCS-P) | Week 24 |
| Quality of life parents | Measurement of parents quality of life in self-assessment by one parent after yoga intervention via the WHO Quality of Life Bref questionnaire (WHOQol-Bref) | Week 12 |
| Quality of life parents | Measurement of parents quality of life in self-assessment by one parent after follow-up period via the WHO Quality of Life Bref questionnaire (WHOQol-Bref) | Week 24 |
| Depression parents | Measurement of parents depression in self-assessment by one parent after yoga intervention via the Beck-Depression-Inventar (BDI) | Week 12 |
| Depression parents | Measurement of parents depression in self-assessment by one parent after follow-up period via the Beck-Depression-Inventar (BDI) | Week 24 |
| Stress parents | Measurement of parents stress in self-assessment by one parent after yoga intervention via the Cohen's Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) | Week 12 |
| Stress parents | Measurement of parents stress in self-assessment by one parent after follow-up period via the Cohen's Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) | Week 24 |
| Adverse events adolescent | Adverse events within the yoga course period of adolescents | Week 12 |
| Adverse events parents | Adverse events within the yoga course period of parents | Week 12 |
| Landshut |
| Germany |
| D009422 | Nervous System Diseases |
| D026241 |
| Exercise Movement Techniques |
| D026741 | Physical Therapy Modalities |