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The investigators recent study has found that ambient melamine exposure can cause the increase of biomarkers of renal tubular injury in melamine manufacturing workers. Thus, in this year, the investigators will examine whether the intervention by installing ventilation in the workplace and providing personal protective equipment and education can decrease ambient melamine exposure and further decrease urinary biomarkers of renal tubular injury such as N-acetyl β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) and β2-microglobulin (β2-MG).
The investigators through intervention trial design to examine whether the use of ventilation in the workplace can decrease ambient melamine exposure, oxidative stress markers (such as 8-hydoxy-2-deoxyguanosine, malondialdehyde)and indicators of early renal damage (such as N-acetyl β-D-glucosaminidase, microalbumin and β2-microglobulin). The one week before intervention and the second week after intervention, the volunteers were asked to collect their urine samples for one consecutive week during mornings and afternoons. Blood samples were taken on Fridays morning, workplace air was sampled for 5 consecutive days. Then the investigators continued to trace the melamine concentration change of volunteers and workplace every three-month intervals after intervention, and blood samples were taken on 12th and 24th month.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Intervention | Experimental | installing ventilation in the workplace |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| installing ventilation in the workplace | Device | Environmental improvement by installing/ exhaust ventilation (FUDIN SYSTEM ENGINEERING CO.,LTD.) |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change of melamine in air and in urine | Measured by liquid chromatograph/tandem mass spectrometry | 1 weeks |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Oxidative stress markers 8-hydoxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) | Urinary 8-OHdG concentration was measured using a validated method of online SPE LC-MS/MS. | 6 months |
| oxidative stress markers malondialdehyde (MDA) |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Ming-Tsang Wu, MD, ScD | Kaohsiung Medical University | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kaohsiung Medical University | Kaohsiung City | 807 | Taiwan |
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Install local ventilation or not
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Blinded by lab. persons who analyzed biomarkers
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Urinary MDA was measured by using HPLC-FL with a reversed-phase column.
| 6 months |