to optimize the functional outcome in early phase of gait rehabilitation in subacute incomplete SCI patients using rTMS as an additional treatment to physical therapy (e.g. to gait training in Lokomat®). Using this add-on therapeutic strategy, we expected larger improvement of gait function than with physical therapy alone.

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a noninvasive and painless procedure to modulate cortical excitability of motor areas and induce changes over the descending corticospinal output. This modulation may be useful to promote active recovery of motor function and to obtain functional benefit from gait rehabilitation. Through the use of repetitive high-frequency rTMS, improvement has been reported in motor and sensory functions measured by American Spinal Cord Injury Association (ASIA) Impairment Scale (AIS), and time to complete a peg-board task in four chronic incomplete cervical SCI patients.

Physical therapy aims to improve function of both undamaged and also, as far as possible, damaged neuronal structures. However, 'reorganization' of neuronal circuits is the target of specific training approaches. Therefore, the challenge is to guide CNS plasticity in order to optimize the functional outcome for a given individual. Hypothesized was that high-frequency rTMS coupled with gait training can improve motor recovery in the lower extremities and locomotion in incomplete SCI patients to a greater degree than sham stimulation.

inclusion criteria:

1. had subacute motor incomplete SCI (AIS-C or D),
2. candidate for gait rehabilitation with Lokomat® after cervical or thoracic SCI;
3. stable medical treatment at least one week before and during the study;
4. without limitation of passive range of movement in joints
5. agreed to participate after signing a written informed consent form.

exclusion criteria:

1. unstable clinical state
2. severe spasticity (MAS>=3)
3. disagreed to sign consent form