Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| Save the Children | OTHER |
| University at Buffalo | OTHER |
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
The study will collect and analyze quantitative data regarding handwashing behaviors among school-aged children to determine the impact of nudges compared to handwashing and hygiene education programs.
Based on the success of the preliminary pilot, we hypothesize nudges leading to higher rates of handwashing than traditional handwashing and hygiene education programs.
This study will utilize a cluster-randomized trial design to collect quantitative data and analyze the handwashing behaviors of school-aged children.
The primary purpose of this protocol is to assess nudges as a viable method of promoting handwashing among school-aged children.
The specific objectives of this quantitative exploration are to:
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Early handwashing station + nudge | Experimental | This arm will include 5 randomly selected schools that will have had handwashing stations built after the baseline observation (Phase I), and nudges built after Phase II data collection. |
|
| Late handwashing station + nudge | Experimental | This arm will include 5 randomly selected schools that will have had handwashing stations and nudges built at the same time, after Phase II data collection. |
|
| Early handwashing station + education | Active Comparator | This arm will include 5 randomly selected schools that will have had handwashing stations built after the baseline observation (Phase I), and will receive a Hand hygiene education-based program, after Phase II data collection is complete. |
|
| Late handwashing station + education | Active Comparator | This arm will include 5 randomly selected schools that will have had handwashing stations built after Phase II data collection is complete, when the Hand hygiene education-based program will commence. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Early handwashing station | Behavioral | A handwashing station will be a dedicated location for handwashing in each selected school and will include:
The early handwashing stations will be constructed in weeks 1 and 2 of the study, after the baseline observations (Phase I) are complete. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in the probability of handwashing with soap after a toileting event among students receiving nudge intervention compared to that of students in hygiene education group | Students will be randomized into Nudge intervention or Hygiene Education intervention at the completion of data collection in week 6, and the change in probability, or prevalence ratio, will be assessed over time, with measures at weeks 4-5, weeks 6-7, week 12, weeks 18-19 and weeks 24-25, comparing the probability of handwashing of nudge students post-toileting event to that of hygiene education students post-toileting event, measured using camera observations of the handwashing station outside of the latrine area. | Weeks 6-7, Week 12, Weeks 18-19, Weeks 24-25 |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in the probability of handwashing with soap after a toileting event among students who received the early handwashing station intervention compared to students who received the late handwashing station intervention | Students will be randomized into early handwashing station intervention (built in weeks 1-2) or late handwashing station intervention (built in weeks 3 and 4), and the change in probability, or prevalence ratio, will be assessed at week 2-3 and week 4-5, comparing the probability of handwashing of the early handwashing station students post-toileting event to that of the late handwashing station students post-toileting event, measured using camera observations of the handwashing station outside of the latrine area. |
Not provided
Inclusion Criteria:
schools in Dhunat, Gurudaspur and Boraigram Upazilla (sub districts) of Bogra and Natore districts of Rajshahi Division that that meet the following inclusion criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Kamal Hossain | Save the Children | Study Director |
| Mohini Venkatesh | Save the Children | Study Director |
| Pavani K Ram, MD | University at Buffalo | Study Director |
| Elise N Grover, MSPH | University of Oklahoma | Study Director |
| Robert Dreibelbis, PhD | University of Oklahoma | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Save the Children | Dhaka | 1212 | Bangladesh |
Data on individual participants will not be shared.
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D004522 | Educational Status |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D012959 | Socioeconomic Factors |
| D011154 | Population Characteristics |
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
|
| Late handwashing station | Behavioral | A handwashing station will be a dedicated location for handwashing in each selected school and will include:
The late handwashing stations construction will begin after Phase 2 data collection has been finished at the end of week 3. |
|
| Nudge | Behavioral | A nudge will be built in each randomly selected school and will consist of:
The nudges will be constructed at the end of week 3 and 4, after Phase II data collection is complete within each randomly assigned nudge school. |
|
| Education | Behavioral | Hand hygiene education-based program: the hygiene promotion element will include a one month program of handwashing education involving weekly facilitator led sessions. Each session will be about 30-45 minutes long, and will cover the following topics:
The Hand hygiene education-based program will begin at the beginning of weeks 4 and 5, after Phase II data collection is complete in each randomly assigned education school. |
|
| Weeks 2-3, Weeks 4-5 |
| Change in the probability of handwashing with soap after a toileting event within the nudge intervention group, comparing students in the early handwashing station intervention to students in the late handwashing station intervention | In order to assess if the timing of the handwashing station building influences handwashing, the change in probability, or prevalence ratio, will be assessed over time, with observations at weeks 4-5, weeks 6-7, week 12, weeks 18-19 and weeks 24-25 within the Nudge group, comparing the probability of handwashing among students who received the early handwashing station (built in weeks 1 and 2) to the probability of handwashing among those students who received the late handwashing stations (built in weeks 3 and 4), measured using camera observations of the handwashing station outside of the latrine area. | Weeks 4-5, Weeks 6-7, Week 12, Weeks 18-19, Weeks 24-25 |
| Change in the probability of handwashing with soap after a toileting event within the hygiene education intervention group, comparing students in the early handwashing station intervention to students in the late handwashing station intervention | In order to assess if the timing of the handwashing station building influences handwashing, the change in probability, or prevalence ratio, will be assessed over time, with observations at weeks 4-5, weeks 6-7, week 12, weeks 18-19 and weeks 24-25 within the Hygiene Education group, comparing the probability of handwashing among students who received the early handwashing station (built in weeks 1 and 2) to the probability of handwashing among those students who received the late handwashing stations (built in weeks 3 and 4), measured using camera observations of the handwashing station outside of the latrine area. | Weeks 4-5, Weeks 6-7, Week 12, Weeks 18-19, Weeks 24-25 |