Expression of EPK in Recurrent Miscarriage

MAP Kinase Signaling Pathways Through ERK and p-ERK Protein in Human Placenta of Women With Recurrent Miscarriage

The present study is based on hypotheses that some as yet unknown genetic factors may result in recurrent miscarriage (RM). Consequently, the main aim of this study was to gain new information about the underlying genetic causes of RM in the Egyptian population and to investigate the expression of ERK and p-ERK protein in human placenta and their corresponding tissue, to assess the significance of MAPK signal pathway in progression of recurrent miscarriage and PI3K-Akt Pathway.

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Gestational age less than 12 weeks.
2. no uterine abnormalities (examined by ultrasonography or hysterosonogram)
3. previous history of RM, defined as two or more consecutive miscarriages

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Gestational age 12 weeks or more.
2. Endocrine etiology like (thyroid dysfunction, and uncontrolled diabetes mellitus).
3. Antiphospholipid syndrome, inherited thrombophilias, alloimmune causes.
4. Uterine anatomic anomalies