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Obesity is directly related to arterial dysfunction and negatively associated to muscle strength. High-intensity resistance exercise is the favored modality to offset muscle weakness, yet, adverse effects on arterial function (pulse wave velocity, wave reflection, and aortic and brachial blood pressures) have been observed. Conventional unloaded-whole body vibration training (WBVT) has improved arterial function in overweight/obese women but appears to be low-intensity. Nevertheless, the effects of moderate-intensity (by adding external load) WBVT on arterial and muscle function are unknown. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine whether loaded-WBVT would induce greater benefits than unloaded-WBVT on arterial and muscle function in young overweight/obese women. Furthermore, we examined whether these changes were similar to healthy lean young women.
The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of 6 weeks of loaded-WBVT on arterial stiffness, peripheral and aortic blood pressures, wave reflection, endothelial function, and muscle strength in overweight/obese women.
The specific aims of the study were:
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lean Control | No Intervention | This arm involves not making any changes to the subject's lifestyle at the moment of the start of the intervention and for 6 weeks. | |
| Overweight/Obese Control | No Intervention | This arm involves not making any changes to the subject's lifestyle at the moment of the start of the intervention and for 6 weeks. | |
| Unloaded-Whole Body Vibration (WBVT) | Experimental | Lower-body exercise training on a vibration platform |
|
| Loaded-Whole Body Vibration (WBVT) | Experimental | Externally loaded lower-body exercise training on a vibration platform |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unloaded-Whole Body Vibration (WBVT) | Other | The unloaded-WBVT intervention consists of four leg exercises performed dynamically over a vibrating platform 3 times/week for 6 weeks. Dynamic movements were performed with controlled movements starting from an upright position into a 90 and 120 degree knee angle, wide-stance squat, and maximal heel elevation. The training volume increased progressively by increasing the intensity of the vibration (30-35 Hz; low-high amplitude), duration of exercise (30-60 sec), number of sets per exercise (2-8), and total during of training session, while decreasing the rest periods (60-30 sec). |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Arterial Stiffness | Aortic, leg, and systemic pulse wave velocity acquired through non-invasive sensors. | 6 weeks |
| Pressure Wave Reflection | Augmentation index acquired through radial tonometry. | 6 weeks |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Body Composition | Measuring fat mass and lean mass from dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. | 6 weeks |
| Muscle Strength | Using one-repetition maximum (1-RM) test for the leg press and chest press exercises. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Arturo Figueroa | Florida State University | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FSU College of Human Sciences | Tallahassee | Florida | 32306 | United States |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 28077859 | Derived | Alvarez-Alvarado S, Jaime SJ, Ormsbee MJ, Campbell JC, Post J, Pacilio J, Figueroa A. Benefits of whole-body vibration training on arterial function and muscle strength in young overweight/obese women. Hypertens Res. 2017 May;40(5):487-492. doi: 10.1038/hr.2016.178. Epub 2017 Jan 12. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009765 | Obesity |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D050177 | Overweight |
| D044343 | Overnutrition |
| D009748 | Nutrition Disorders |
| D009750 | Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases |
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|
| Loaded-Whole Body Vibration (WBVT) | Other | The loaded-WBVT intervention consists of four leg exercises performed dynamically over a vibrating platform 3 times/week for 6 weeks. Importantly, an external load was applied to a weight vest to account for the necessary weight to perform a specific number of repetitions (progressed from 15-8 repetitions maximum during the 6 weeks). Dynamic movements were performed with controlled movements starting from an upright position into a 90 and 120 degree knee angle, wide-stance squat, and maximal heel elevation. The training volume increased progressively by increasing the intensity of the vibration (30-35 Hz; low-high amplitude), duration of exercise (30-60 sec), number of sets per exercise (2-8), and total during of training session, while decreasing the rest periods (60-30 sec). |
|
| 6 weeks |
| Autonomic Function | Heart rate variability through electrocardiogram. | 6 weeks |
| Blood Pressures | Non-invasive measures of brachial and aortic blood pressures. | 6 weeks |
| Endothelial Function | Non-invasive arm and leg blood flow using vascular ultrasound positioned on my skin at rest and during increased blood flow. | 6 weeks |
| D001835 |
| Body Weight |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |