Terminated by the IRB

This pilot clinical trial compares the imaging results of contrast-enhanced ultrasound to contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography (CT), the current clinical standard, in predicting treatment response in patients with kidney cancer undergoing cryosurgery (a procedure in which an extremely cold liquid or an instrument called a cryoprobe is used to freeze and destroy abnormal tissue). Using contrast-enhanced ultrasound that does not involve a dye may help patients avoid side effects from a dye that is usually used in MRI or CT and may help doctors measure blood flow and determine whether the cryosurgery procedure treated the kidney tumor.

PRIMARY OBJECTIVES:

I. Evaluate if contrast-enhanced ultrasound can be used to successfully evaluate the cryoablation (cryosurgery) of renal cell carcinoma.

SECONDARY OBJECTIVES:

I. Establish whether contrast-enhanced ultrasound provides a reliable tool for the characterization of renal masses prior to cryoablation.

TERTIARY OBJECTIVES:

I. Compare harmonic imaging (the current industry standard for contrast imaging) with subharmonic imaging (a novel, improved contrast imaging technique) in the two aims listed above.

OUTLINE:

Patients receive perflutren protein-type A microspheres intravenously (IV) and then undergo contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging the morning prior to cryosurgery and at 3-4 months post treatment during MRI or CT follow up.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Be scheduled for a percutaneous cryoablation of a renal mass
• Be medically stable
• If a female of child-bearing potential, must have a negative pregnancy test
• Have signed informed consent to participate in the study

Exclusion Criteria:

• Females who are pregnant or nursing

• Patients who are medically unstable, patients who are seriously or terminally ill, and patients whose clinical course is unpredictable; for example:

  • Patients on life support or in a critical care unit
  • Patients with unstable occlusive disease (eg, crescendo angina)
  • Patients with clinically unstable cardiac arrhythmias, such as recurrent ventricular tachycardia
  • Patients with uncontrolled congestive heart failure (New York Heart Association [NYHA] class IV)

• Patients with recent cerebral hemorrhage

• Patients with known sensitivities to albumin, blood, or blood products

• Patients who have undergone surgery within 24 hours prior to the study sonographic examination

• Patients with known hypersensitivity to perflutren

• Patients who have received any contrast medium (X-ray, MRI, CT, or ultrasound [US]) in the 24 hours prior to the research US exam

• Patients with cardiac shunts

• Patients with congenital heart defects

• Patients with severe emphysema, pulmonary vasculitis, or a history of pulmonary emboli

• Patients with respiratory distress syndrome

• Patients with renal insufficiency such that they can not get intravenous contrast as part of screening or follow-up