All patients were in the same arm - this is a cohort study where the group serves as their own control. Patients who did not undergo the procedure were not included in this outcomes study.

The procedure is performed with a 1064nm InGaAsP semiconductor diode laser which is a soft tissue laser with variable pulsed wave and wattage settings. The procedure was performed at 0.7-0.8 pulsed watts, 200 microseconds on and 100 microseconds off (actual wattage: 0.47 to 0.53 W) using a 300 micron laser fiber. The tongue is elevated using a grooved director while the laser tip is applied to the frenulum. If present, the anterior frenulum is divided until the submucosal portion of the tie is identified (this is the posterior tongue-tie). A small window in the central mucosa is made and the lateral mucosal walls of the posterior tongue-tie are released, taking care to not disturb the fascia of the underlying genioglossus muscle.

Using a visual analog scale, nipple pain is evaluated.

Using a validated questionnaire (i-GERQ-R)

Volume of breastmilk ingested in a specific time frame calculated (mL/min)

Uses the BSES-SF validated questionnaire

Using a visual analog scale, nipple pain is evaluated.

Using a validated questionnaire (i-GERQ-R)