The purpose of this study is to evaluate the percentage of participants with perianal fistula healing at Week 30 in 2 different dose regimens of vedolizumab intravenous (IV) 300 milligram (mg) in participants with fistulizing Crohn's disease (CD).

The drug being tested in this study is called vedolizumab IV. Vedolizumab IV is being tested to treat people who have fistulizing CD. This study will look at fistula healing in people who take vedolizumab IV.

The study is planned to enroll approximately 100 patients. Participants will be randomly assigned (by chance, like flipping a coin) to one of the two treatment groups-which will remain undisclosed to the patient and study doctor during the study (unless there is an urgent medical need):

• Group 1: Vedolizumab IV 300 mg dose at Weeks 0, 2, 6, 14 and 22, and a placebo infusion at Week 10 (dummy inactive infusion - this is a solution that looks like the study drug but has no active ingredient).
• Group 2: Vedolizumab IV 300 mg dose at Weeks 0, 2, 6, 10, 14 and 22.

This multi-center trial will be conducted worldwide. The overall time to participate in this study from screening to 18 weeks after the last dose is 44 weeks. Participants will make multiple visits to the clinic, and will be contacted by telephone 6 months after last dose of study drug for a follow-up assessment.

Inclusion Criteria:

1. In the opinion of the investigator, the participant is capable of understanding and complying with protocol requirements.

2. The participant or, when applicable, the participant's legally acceptable representative has signed and dated a written, informed consent form and any required privacy authorization prior to the initiation of any study procedures.

3. Has a diagnosis of CD established at least 3 months prior to randomization by clinical and endoscopic evidence and corroborated by a histopathology report.

4. Has a diagnosis of a minimum of 1 perianal draining fistula of at least 2 weeks duration as a complication of moderately to severely active CD, as identified on magnetic resonance image (MRI) at Screening. Other types of fistulae (enterocutaneous, abdominal) except rectovaginal fistulae are permitted, but the number of perianal draining fistulae is limited to 3.

5. All countries except France: The participant, historically, had an inadequate response with, lost response to, or was intolerant to either conventional therapy or a tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) antagonist for their underlying CD (does not require treatment failure for currently active draining fistula).

   France only: The participant, historically, failed (ie, had an inadequate response with, lost response to, or was intolerant to) infliximab for treatment of their underlying CD or fistulizing CD.

6. If the participant had noncutting perianal seton placement as part of standard care, seton must be removed by Week 14 of the study.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Has a diagnosis of ulcerative colitis or indeterminate colitis.
2. Has a perianal abscess greater than (>) 2 centimeter (cm) or an abscess that the investigator feels requires drainage based on either clinical assessment or MRI.
3. Has a Crohn's Disease Activity Index (CDAI) score >400.
4. Has an ileostomy, colostomy, or known fixed symptomatic stenosis of the intestine.
5. Has significant anal or rectal stenosis.
6. Has active or latent tuberculosis (TB), regardless of treatment history.
7. Has evidence of active Clostridium difficile (C. difficile) infection or is having treatment for C. difficile infection or other intestinal pathogens during Screening.
8. Has current rectovaginal fistula.
9. Currently has more than 3 draining perianal fistulae. Note: Other protocol-defined inclusion/exclusion criteria may apply

Takeda makes patient-level, de-identified data sets and associated documents available for all interventional studies after applicable marketing approvals and commercial availability have been received (or program is completely terminated), an opportunity for the primary publication of the research and final report development has been allowed, and other criteria have been met as set forth in Takeda's Data Sharing Policy (see www.TakedaClinicalTrials.com for details). To obtain access, researchers must submit a legitimate academic research proposal for adjudication by an independent review panel, who will review the scientific merit of the research and the requestor's qualifications and conflict of interest that can result in potential bias. Once approved, qualified researchers who sign a data sharing agreement are provided access to these data in a secure research environment.

The first study related publication will be a multi-center publication submitted within 24 months after conclusion or termination of a study at all sites. After such multi site publication, all proposed site publications and presentations will be submitted to sponsor for review 60 days in advance of publication. Site will remove Sponsor confidential information unrelated to study results. Sponsor can delay a proposed publication for another 60 days to preserve intellectual property.