• Each patient will undergo a total of 3 MRI/MRA scans (lasting 30-60 minutes):

  • Scan 1: Baseline (pre-portal vein embolization (PRE))
  • Scan 2: Early after PVE (within 48 hours)
  • Scan 3: Late after PVE (at 3-8 weeks).

• Scans 1 and 3: routine liver MR sequences with/without contrast (Gadoxetic acid, Eovist) and 4D phase contrast of the portal venous system. The 4D phase contrast sequence will be repeated twice at each time point, adding about 15-30 minutes to each scan.

• Scan 2: 4D phase contrast sequences and imaging for localization.

4D PC MRA is a new non-contrast MRA technique that can measure flow of blood within vessels of interest over time.

-Data from the 4D PC MRA will be compared with the reference standards of the catheter-based flow quantification to validate venous flow findings

-Data from the 4D PC MRA will be compared with the reference standards of the Doppler Flow Analysis to measure flow velocities

-4D PC MRA results will be compared with invasive catheter measurements to validate the portal venous flow findings. Regression/correlation analysis will be used to analyze association between 4D PC MRA and liver function. Residuals will be tested for normality with the Shapiro-Wilk W test, and if residuals are non-normally distributed, the Spearman's rank correlation coefficient will be used

-Data from the 4D PC MRA will be compared with the reference standards of the HIDA scan and biopsy specimens.

-Data from the 4D PC MRA will be compared with the reference standards of the Doppler Flow Analysis to measure direction of flow