Procedures:

The study will be conducted in two phases:

Phase 1

• Perception and Satisfaction questionnaire will be developed
• A validation test will be conducted on the Perception and Satisfaction questionnaire (face, content and construct) before conducting the study. The validation process will involve the participation of lecturers, professors and students by convenience sampling.

Phase 2

• To prevent bias from the researchers, each participant will be given their code as their identification number. Then the participants will be randomly divided into two groups. They will be briefed on the purpose of study (stating that, the investigators would like to see the efficacy of various teaching methods on students' knowledge gain) and procedure of the study (examinations will be conducted, surveys at the end of each class session and at the end of the study). They are requested to fill up basic demographic data, consent form and ILS questionnaire(measuring the learning style of student) before beginning the study.
• In this study, the lecture will be given by the 'Researcher 1' to standardize the input to the participants of the two groups. This will produce a standardized input to the students of the two groups of teaching method.
• For the FC (flipped classroom) group, the length of the pre-recorded lecture videos will be the same which the participants can view it unlimitedly. An assignment will be given for FC group that will be attempted during the discussion class(2 hours) a week after with the lecturer. No grades will be given for the assignment.
• Meanwhile for the TC(traditional classroom) group, a standard lecture class of 1 hour and 1 hour of tutorial class will be conducted on the same topic. The same ungraded assignment will also be given to this group a week after the lecture class to be attempted in the tutorial class
• One day gap will be given following the discussion and tutorial class for FC and TC groups respectively following which an examination of 1 hour duration will be conducted to test on their level of knowledge (assessed by exam score) on the topic being taught for both the groups using the same set of questions.
• At the end of the study, each participant will be given a feedback questionnaire to evaluate their perception and satisfaction on the teaching method applied on them using the 'Perception and Satisfaction Questionnaire'.

Study Design:

Effectiveness of flipped classroom compared to traditional lecture classroom among physiotherapy participants - Quasi Experimental Study: This method of study divides a group of participants from respective year and semester into two groups, controlled (traditional lecture) and flipped classroom without their knowledge at the beginning of study. Each batch of participants, ranging from year 1 to year 3 will have two groups of study.

Subjects:

Physiotherapy Students. participants from each intake will be randomly allocated into TC(traditional classroom) and FC(flipped classroom).

Inclusion Criteria:

- All physiotherapy participants of University Tunku Abdul Rahman

Exclusion Criteria:

- Participants who are not UTAR physiotherapy participants

Instruments:

Demographic profile of participants Index Of Learning Styles Questionnaire Perception and satisfaction questionnaire Examinations on post teaching session/experiment

Procedures of study:

Study Settings:

Lecture rooms of University Tunku Abdul Rahman Sg. Long Campus.

Sampling Method and Recruitment of Participants:

The number of participants of physiotherapy will first be obtained from the Faculty General Office (FGO) UTAR. Then the participants selected will be grouped into two groups of traditional classroom (TC) and Flipped classroom (FC). Since it is a single blinded study, the participants will not know which group they belong to.

Procedures:

The study will be conducted in two phases:

Phase 1

• Perception and Satisfaction questionnaire will be developed
• A validation test will be conducted on the Perception and Satisfaction questionnaire (face, content and construct) before conducting the study. The validation process will involve the participation of lecturers, professors and students by convenience sampling.

Phase 2

• To prevent bias from the researchers, each participant will be given their code as their identification number. Then the participants will be randomly divided into two groups. They will be briefed on the purpose of study (stating that, the investigators would like to see the efficacy of various teaching methods on students' knowledge gain) and procedure of the study (examinations will be conducted, surveys at the end of each class session and at the end of the study). They are requested to fill up basic demographic data, consent form and ILS questionnaire(measuring the learning style of student) before beginning the study.
• In this study, the lecture will be given by the 'Researcher 1' to standardize the input to the participants of the two groups. This will produce a standardized input to the students of the two groups of teaching method.
• For the FC (flipped classroom) group, the length of the pre-recorded lecture videos will be the same which the participants can view it unlimitedly. An assignment will be given for FC group that will be attempted during the discussion class(2 hours) a week after with the lecturer. No grades will be given for the assignment.
• Meanwhile for the TC(traditional classroom) group, a standard lecture class of 1 hour and 1 hour of tutorial class will be conducted on the same topic. The same ungraded assignment will also be given to this group a week after the lecture class to be attempted in the tutorial class
• For the assignment given, a case study on the topic taught will be designed.
• One day gap will be given following the discussion and tutorial class for FC and TC groups respectively following which an examination of 1 hour duration will be conducted to test on their level of knowledge (assessed by exam score) on the topic being taught for both the groups using the same set of questions. The examination papers will be coded and will be marked by the content expert.
• At the end of the study, each participant will be given a feedback questionnaire to evaluate their perception and satisfaction on the teaching method applied on them using the 'Perception and Satisfaction Questionnaire'.

Inclusion Criteria:

• All physiotherapy participants of University Tunku Abdul Rahman

Exclusion Criteria:

• Participants who are not UTAR physiotherapy participants