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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| Haukeland University Hospital | OTHER |
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The aims of this study were to investigate how intake of tailor-made salmon affected bone biomarkers, nutritional status, as well as body composition and bone mineral density. The 122 healthy postmenopausal women included in this 12 weeks intervention study were randomized into four groups: three salmon groups (with three different vitamin D3/vitamin K1 combinations) and one tablet group (vitamin D and Calcium).
Suboptimal vitamin D status is common among humans, and might have a negative impact on bone health. Fatty fish, including Atlantic salmon, is an important dietary vitamin D source. However, due to a considerable change in fish feed composition, the contribution of vitamin D from salmon fillet has been reduced. The aims were to investigate how intake of tailor-made salmon affected bone biomarkers, nutritional status (vitamin D, omega-3), as well as body composition and bone mineral density (BMD). The 122 healthy postmenopausal women (median 55 years) included in this 12 weeks intervention study were randomized into four groups: three salmon groups (150 grams/two times/week) and one tablet group (800IU vitamin D and 1000 mg Calcium/day). The salmon groups also received calcium supplements (1000 mg/d). The salmon had three different vitamin D3/vitamin K1 combinations: high D3 + high K1, low D3 + high K1, or high D3 + low K1.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Salmon (HD+HK) | Experimental | Tailor-made salmon with high levels of vitamin D3 and K1 |
|
| Salmon (LD+HK) | Experimental | Tailor-made salmon with low levels of vitamin D3 and high K1 |
|
| Salmon (HD+LK) | Experimental | Tailor-made salmon with high levels of vitamin D3 and low K1 |
|
| Supplement (vitamin D + Calcium) | Experimental | Supplement with vitamin D and Calcium |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tailor-made salmon with high levels of vitamin D3 and K1 | Dietary Supplement | The aims were to investigate how intake of tailor-made salmon with high levels of vitamin D3 and K1 affected bone biomarkers, nutritional status (vitamin D, omega-3), as well as body composition and bone mineral density. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Bone-specific alkaline phosphatase | Serum (µg/l) | 3 months |
| Osteocalcin | Serum (ng/ml) | 3 months |
| Undercarboxylated osteocalcin (GLU) | Serum (ng/ml) | 3 months |
| Carboxylated osteocalcine (GLA) | Serum (ng/ml) | 3 months |
| GLU/GLA-ratio | Ratio of undercarboxylated osteocalcin and carboxylated osteocalcine | 3 months |
| N-telopeptides/creatinine | Urinary (mmol/l) | 3 months |
| Deoxypyridinoline/creatinine | Urinary (mmol/l) | 3 months |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| 25-hyroxyvitamin D | Serum 25(OH)D (nmol/L) | 3 months |
| Eicosapentaenoic acids | Fatty acids composition of total red blood cells | 3 months |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Ingvild E Graff, PhD | NIFES, postboks 2029 Nordnes, 5815 Bergen, Norway | Study Chair |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NIFES | Bergen | 5817 | Norway |
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|
| Tailor-made salmon with low levels of vitamin D3 and high K1 | Dietary Supplement | The aims were to investigate how intake of tailor-made salmon with low levels of vitamin D3 and high K1 affected bone biomarkers, nutritional status (vitamin D, omega-3), as well as body composition and bone mineral density. |
|
| Tailor-made salmon with high levels of vitamin D3 and low K1 | Dietary Supplement | The aims were to investigate how intake of tailor-made salmon with high levels of vitamin D3 and low K1 affected bone biomarkers, nutritional status (vitamin D, omega-3), as well as body composition and bone mineral density. |
|
| Supplement with vitamin D and Calcium | Dietary Supplement | The aims were to investigate how supplement with vitamin D and Calcium affected bone biomarkers, nutritional status (vitamin D, omega-3), as well as body composition and bone mineral density. |
|
| Docosahexaenoic acids | Fatty acids composition of total red blood cells | 3 months |
| Omega-3 index | The content of Eicosapentaenoic acids and Docosahexaenoic acids in red blood cell membranes expressed as percent of total fatty acids. | 3 months |
| Body composition | Total body soft tissue composition (fat mass and lean mass) measurements were performed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) on a stationary fan beam densitometer. | 3 months |
| Bone mineral density | The total body bone mineral density (BMD) measurements were performed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) on a stationary fan beam densitometer. | 3 months |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010024 | Osteoporosis |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001851 | Bone Diseases, Metabolic |
| D001847 | Bone Diseases |
| D009140 | Musculoskeletal Diseases |
| D008659 | Metabolic Diseases |
| D009750 | Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D014807 | Vitamin D |
| D002118 | Calcium |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D012632 | Secosteroids |
| D013256 | Steroids |
| D000072473 | Fused-Ring Compounds |
| D011083 | Polycyclic Compounds |
| D008673 | Metals, Alkaline Earth |
| D004602 | Elements |
| D007287 | Inorganic Chemicals |
| D008670 | Metals |
| D001779 | Blood Coagulation Factors |
| D001685 | Biological Factors |
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