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Venipuncture is one of the painful procedures most frequently performed in children. Pain and distress management in children, during needle related procedures, is warranted.
The base for pain management starts with behavioural and environmental support and distraction. Distraction is a cognitive strategy trying to divert the child's attention from a noxious stimulus. Active distraction involves the child in a different performance, e.g. playing, during pain procedures. Passive distraction redirects the child's attention to visual or auditory stimuli using toys, songs, movies or blowing bubbles.
Blood-drawing centre is a peculiar setting in which many procedures have to be performed in a limited time. Patients usually arrive without a pharmacological premedication and go away immediately after procedure. In this context distraction is an excellent pain relief tool.
The aim of the study is to compare the effectiveness of an active distraction (playing a videogame using a computer tablet) with a passive distraction technique in pain relief during venipuncture in a blood-drawing centre.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Active distraction using a tablet | Experimental | Children were admitted in a comfortable room with a parent and started to play with a videogame suitable for their age three minutes before procedure. They continued to play the videogame during venipuncture. The use of a computer tablet permitted to play with one hand only. |
|
| Passive distracion | Active Comparator | Children were admitted in a comfortable room with a parent and received various kinds of passive distractions: nurses singing a song, reading a book, blowing bubbles and playing a puppet show. The technique that most engaged the child, was continued during procedure. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Active distraction using a tablet | Other | Playing a videogame using a computer tablet |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Pain score recorded by the Faces Pain Scale-Revised (FPS-R) | The pain during the procedure will be evaluated using the self-reported FPS-R scale | Intraprocedural (an average of 5 minutes) |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Success at first attempt | Percentage of success at first attempt | Intraprocedural (an average of 5 minutes) |
| Adverse events | The number and the type of adverse events will be recorded |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Franca Crevatin, RN | IRCCS Burlo Garofolo | Study Chair |
| Franca Crevatin, RN | IRCCS Burlo Garofolo | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IRCCS Burlo Garofolo | Trieste | Friuli Venezia Giulia | 34137 | Italy |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000073818 | Pain, Procedural |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010146 | Pain |
| D009461 | Neurologic Manifestations |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
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| Passive distraction | Other | A nurses singing a song, reading a book, blowing bubbles and playing a puppet show |
|
| Up to 15 minutes after the procedure |