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The purpose of intubation for patients under general anesthesia is to maintain their respiratory function. However, this procedure does cause a postoperative sore throat. Comfort of patients could be promoted if effective treatment could be found.
The specific aims of this project are:
This is a quasi-experimental study with purposive sampling. Patients were distributed into the four groups (1.5mg / ml Benzydamine hydrochloride, 3.0mg / ml Benzydamine hydrochloride, 5%Ketorolac Tromethamine) by the operative room. Research tools including pain scale (Numeric Rating Scale: 0-10), drugs and case data record sheet. Collected information was managed by SPSS for Windows (version 21.0) statistical software package. Both the descriptive and Inferential statistics were performed. Sample homogeneity among the four groups were verified by F-test and chi-square test. generalized estimating equation was selected to compare the throat pain in the four points of assessment.
The specific aims of this project are:
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| S.L.® & Difflam Forte ® | Active Comparator | "1.5 mg/ml Benzydamine" , "S.L.® Spray Solution" 2.5 mg and "3.0 mg/ml Benzydamine" ,Difflam Forte ® 5.0 mg spray by mouth. Before intubation, each endotracheal tube cuff was scattered 10 times of spray by physicians that might cover 20 cm long of the cuff. |
|
| placebo ( for Acular® ) | Placebo Comparator | placebo(distilled water)spray by mouth. Before intubation, each endotracheal tube cuff was scattered 10 times of spray by physicians that might cover 20 cm long of the cuff. |
|
| Acular® & S.L.® | Active Comparator | "5% Ketorolac Tromethamine" , "Acular®" 8.0 mg and "1.5 mg/ml Benzydamine" , "S.L.® Spray Solution" 2.5 mg spray by mouth. Before intubation, each endotracheal tube cuff was scattered 10 times of spray by physicians that might cover 20 cm long of the cuff. |
|
| Difflam Forte ® & Acular® | Experimental | "3.0 mg/ml Benzydamine" , "Difflam Forte ®" 5.0 mg and "5% Ketorolac Tromethamine" "Acular®" 8.0 mg spray by mouth. Before intubation, each endotracheal tube cuff was scattered 10 times of spray by physicians that might cover 20 cm long of the cuff. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| S.L.® | Drug | "1.5mg/ml Benzydamine hydrochloride"," S.L.®" spray by mouth . Before intubation, each endotracheal tube cuff was scattered 10 times of spray by physicians that might cover 20 cm long of the cuff. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| pain scale (Numeric Rating Scale: 0-10) | 1.5 year |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug side effect | 1.5 year |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Hsiu-Ling Yang, RN, MS | Chang Gung Memorial Hospital | Principal Investigator |
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| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20304980 | Background | Hung NK, Wu CT, Chan SM, Lu CH, Huang YS, Yeh CC, Lee MS, Cherng CH. Effect on postoperative sore throat of spraying the endotracheal tube cuff with benzydamine hydrochloride, 10% lidocaine, and 2% lidocaine. Anesth Analg. 2010 Oct;111(4):882-6. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0b013e3181d4854e. Epub 2010 Mar 19. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010612 | Pharyngitis |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D012141 | Respiratory Tract Infections |
| D007239 | Infections |
| D010608 | Pharyngeal Diseases |
| D009057 | Stomatognathic Diseases |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D020911 | Ketorolac Tromethamine |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D007213 | Indomethacin |
| D007211 | Indoles |
| D006574 | Heterocyclic Compounds, 2-Ring |
| D000072471 | Heterocyclic Compounds, Fused-Ring |
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|
| Difflam Forte ® | Drug | "3.0mg/ml Benzydamine hydrochloride" , " Difflam Forte ®" spray by mouth . Before intubation, each endotracheal tube cuff was scattered 10 times of spray by physicians that might cover 20 cm long of the cuff. |
|
|
| Acular® | Drug | "5% Ketorolac Tromethamine" , " Acular® " spray by mouth . Before intubation, each endotracheal tube cuff was scattered 10 times of spray by physicians that might cover 20 cm long of the cuff. |
|
|
| placebo | Drug | Distilled water spray by mouth. Before intubation, each endotracheal tube cuff was scattered 10 times of spray by physicians that might cover 20 cm long of the cuff. |
|
|
| D012140 |
| Respiratory Tract Diseases |
| D010038 | Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases |
| D006571 | Heterocyclic Compounds |