Deep Brain Stimulation of the Anterior Nucleus of the Thalamus in Refractory Epilepsy

Deep Brain Stimulation of the Anterior Nucleus of the Thalamus in Refractory Epilepsy

Evaluate the long-term clinical effectiveness and safety of the PINS Deep Brain Stimulation to patients with refractory epilepsy.

Inclusion Criteria:

• age 12-60.
• having tried at least two appropriate anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) tested to tolerance or to blood levels at upper end of the target range of which at least 2 have been tolerated at normal dose.
• at least 6 seizures per month.
• in good health except epilepsy.
• to with normal MMSE score
• patients or his(her) familys could understand this method and sign the informed consent 7）Patients with good compliance and could complete postoperative follow-up

Exclusion Criteria:

• results of MRI remind epilepsy caused by intracranial space-occupying lesions.
• the vagus nerve lesion and damage
• tumor, cardiopulmonary anomaly, progressive neurological diseases, asthma，mental disease，peptic ulcer，diabetes Type 1，bad health etc, and other surgical contraindication.