The study is carried out in a prospectively randomly controlled way. In the context of acknowledgement and understanding from parents, by comparing with traditional process(no anesthesia), lidocaine surface anesthesia is randomly selected. All children will be evaluated by the FLACC (The face, legs, activity, cry, consolability behavioral tool) scale to quantitatively assess degree of pain during lumbar puncture. Time and success rate of the lumber puncture will be recorded and analyzed. A questionnaire about bad memory during lumbar puncture for all parents and children will be investigated in order to establish an optimized lumbar puncture management process.

The purpose of this study is to establish an optimized lumbar puncture management process on the basis of fully understanding of parents and children. An improved process consisting of painless lumbar puncture (LP) and comfortable LP will be established upon completion of this study.

Inclusion Criteria:

• children with indications of lumbar puncture;
• voluntarily signed the informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

• topical anesthetic skin allergies;
• skin infection in lumbar puncture site;
• severe intracranial hypertension;
• unstable vital signs;
• coagulopathy;
• intracranial hemorrhage and occupying;
• low back pain;
• headache and low back pain before lumbar puncture;
• past headache after lumbar puncture;
• mental retardation, neuropsychiatric symptoms;
• children could not immediately act after the lumbar puncture(such as disturbance of consciousness or suffering from underlying diseases or drainage);
• the case with repeated puncture in one operation