The purpose of this study was to explore a model suitable for the individualized diabetic management based on the mobile application coaching and demonstrate its effect among the diabetic mellitus population.

The enrolled patients will be randomly divided into three groups: group of online self management, group of online mutual management and the control group. The estimated sample size was 78 patients for each group. All the patients attend two follow-up visits at the hospital, after 3 and 6 months. The data will be collected by a full-time recorder and analyzed using specific statistical software. The enumeration data are analyzed by chi-square test, while the measurement data are analyzed by one-way ANOVA.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Physician diagnosis of DM for more than 6 months;
• Glycated hemoglobin more than or equal to 8% within 3 months;
• Age:18-65 years.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Insulin pump users;
• Pregnant;
• Active substance, alcohol, or drug abuser;
• Psychotic or schizophrenic under active care;
• Severe hearing or visual impairment and other complications;
• Drug users (such as glucocorticoid or thyroid hormone) 3 months before the enrollment;
• No smartphone access.