Diagnostic Accuracy of Doppler Resistive Indices for Early Diagnosis of Acute Kidney Injury .

Diagnostic Accuracy of Renal, Carotid, and Aortic Doppler Resistive Indices for Early Diagnosis of Acute Kidney Injury Following Cardiopulmonary Bypass Surgery.

To determine if ultrasound measurement of renal and carotid arterial resistive indices are associated with post-cardiac surgery acute kidney injury.

To determine if ultrasound measurement of renal and carotid arterial resistive indices are associated with post-cardiac surgery acute kidney injury.

Inclusion Criteria:

• adult patients >= 18 years
• undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass and transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) probe placement

Exclusion Criteria:

• chronic kidney diseases (estimated GFR < 60 ml/min/1.73m2)
• prior carotid endarterectomy
• known carotid artery stenosis of 50% or greater
• dissection or aneurysm involving renal or carotid arteries
• scheduled aortic or aortic valve surgery
• heart transplant
• intraaortic balloon pump, ventricular assist device, or exctracorporeal membrane oxygenation support.