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Development of pressure ulcer (PU) is complex and multifactorial. The association of a constituted PU and of clinical / biological major elements is demonstrated and justifies. Prevention of PU is an important health priority, one that requires clear identification of risk factors.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| 100 patients suffering from pressure ulcer | 100 subjects were having at least one wound of pressure ulcer (74 men and 26 women) middle-aged (55.5±20 years) and were recruited from many services of three University Regional hospitals of Tunisia. |
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| 213 healthy subjects | 213 healthy subjects (125 men and 88 women) middle-aged (51.5±17 years). Although, healthy individuals, were included as controls, followed in the outpatient services of the University Hospital Farhat Hached and they considered clinically free of pressure ulcer and tissue necrosis. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| biochemical and molecular analysis | Other |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Anthropometric characteristics | Body Mass Index (BMI) is a simple index of weight-for-height. It is defined as the weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in metres (kg/m2). | one hour |
| Diabetes mellitus | - Plasma levels glucose in mmol/l was measured by standard enzymatic methods using reagents in a fully automated analyzer Cx5 Pro-Bechman Coulter-Fuller-Ton | one hour |
| Dyslipidemia |
| one hour |
| Renal failure | - renal profile: urea (mmol/l), creatinine and uric acid (μmol/l) levels were measured by standard enzymatic methods using reagents in a fully automated analyzer ( Cx9 Pro-Bechman Coulter-Fuller-Ton). | one hour |
| Inflammatory parameter | - C-reactive protein (CRP), in mg/l, was measured using immunoturbidimetric methods (COBAS INTEGRA 400 Roche). | one hour |
| Endogenous inflammatory marker | - α1-acid glycoprotein, in g/l, measured using the dry chemistry method (BN prospec, siemens) | one hour |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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This prospective study consisted of 100 patients were having at least one wound of pressure ulcer that met the following inclusion criteria. Who followed in many departments (emergency, orthopedic, physical medicine) of three University Regional hospitals of Tunisia (Farhat Hached and Sahloul Sousse, Fattouma Bourguiba Monastir) were evaluated prospectively.
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Latifa KHLIFI | Sousse | 4000 | Tunisia |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D003668 | Pressure Ulcer |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D012883 | Skin Ulcer |
| D012871 | Skin Diseases |
| D017437 | Skin and Connective Tissue Diseases |
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| Markers of nutritional status |
|
| one hour |
| Marker of lipid peroxidation |
| one day |
| Antioxidant parameters | - Serum catalase activity in KU/l was determined according to the spectrophotometric method of Goth . | one day |
| Total antioxidant status | Serum total antioxidant status in mmol/l was measured with RANDOX kit (Cat. No. NZ 2332; Randox Labs Ltd., Crumlin, UK) by colorimetric method at 600 nm . | one hour |
| Determination of trace elements | Serum copper in μmol/l was indicated spectrophotometrically with RANDOX kit (Cat. No. CU 2340; Randox Labs Ltd., Crumlin, UK) at 580 nm according. Serum zinc was measured in μmol/l with RANDOX kit (Cat. No. ZN 2341; Randox Labs Ltd, Crumlin, UK) at 560 nm. | one hour |
| Nutritional status | - Nutritional Risk Index (NRI) was originally derived from the serum albumin concentration and the ratio of present to usual weight [NRI = (1.489 x albumin, g/L) + (41.7 x present weight/ideal body weight)] and categorized as follows: severe risk (NRI < 83.5), moderate risk (83.5 < NRI < 97.5) and no risk (NRI > 97.5). | 3 hours |
| Nutritional risk | - Prognostic Inflammatory and Nutritional Index (PINI) is a simple clinical [PINI = AAG x CRP / albumine x prealbumin] and classificated as follows: normal (1<PINI score <10), mild malnutrition (11<PINI score<20), severe malnutrition (21<PINI score<30) and risk for death when PINI score >30. These scores gained in popularity as it uses an objective rather than subjective measurements to determine nutritional risk in hospitalized patient populations. | 3 hours |
| A microbiological diagnosis | The bacterial colonization of a wound is a recognized detrimental factor in the multifactorial process of wound healing. wound per patient suffering from pressure ulcer was cultured by swab to determine the bacterial species of the infection and helps guide antibiotic therapy. The representative sample is collected before topical or systemic antibiotics are initiated and pain assessment should be conducted prior to wound procedures such as dressing changes and debridement. Bacterial swabs provide information on the predominant flora. | 3 days |
| Proteomics | - Serum gelatinase activities of MMP-9 by zymography (%) | 2 days |
| DNA extraction | Genomic DNA was extracted from whole blood using the salting out method for the part of molecular biology. | 2 days |
| Genotype for the MMP9-1562 C/T polymorphism |
| 1 days |
| Genotyping of TNF- α G238A |
| 1 days |
| Genotyping of TNF- α G308A |
| 1 days |