The major hypothesis to be tested is that there was no difference in the clinical outcome between 7(short-course) and 14(traditional-course) days of antibiotic treatment for asymptomatic bacteriuria early after kidney transplantation.

Introduction: Treatment of asymptomatic bacteriuria is a common practice in renal transplant centers leading to prolong exposure of antimicrobial agents with long hospital length of stay. The duration of antibiotics treatment in this condition have never been proposed.

Objective: To evaluate the proper duration of antibiotic treatment for asymptomatic bacteriuria early (less than 1 month) after kidney transplantation

Method: This is a prospective, randomized, open labeled, single center study using intention to treat analysis. Patients will be identified and after informed consent is obtained, will be randomized to receive 7 or 14 days course of antibiotics.

Inclusion Criteria:

• First kidney transplantation
• Asymptomatic bacteriuria

Exclusion Criteria:

• Refusal to participate in the study
• Re-transplantation or combined organ transplantation
• History of abnormal structure or function in native kidney, ureter and bladder system
• Kidney transplant recipients with history of recurrent urinary tract infection or incomplete course of urinary tract infection treatment before transplantation
• Hemodynamic unstable
• Urosepsis or other serious infectious complications(eg. symptomatic urinary tract infection/graft pyelonephritis, surgical site infection, infected urinoma/ hospital acquired pneumonia that mandates antibiotic therapy)
• Surgical complication (eg. anastomosis leakage, collection, ureteric stricture)