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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| Swiss Armed Forces | OTHER |
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The purpose of this study is to determine whether the new sport concept of the Swiss Armed Forces influences the physical and psychological fitness of the recruits.
The physical and psychological demands in the Swiss Army basic military service are high. Injury incidences in Swiss Army training schools are higher than in armed forces of other countries.There is evidence that progressive loading of physical demands at the beginning of basic military service and specific physical training can reduce injury incidences and attrition rates. A new sport concept by the Swiss Army takes into account these results of previous studies. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the influences of this new sport concept on the physical and psychological fitness as well as on the injury and attrition rates of the recruits.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Swiss Army Physical Fitness Training | Experimental | Sport according to the new sport concept ("Swiss Army Physical Fitness Training") of the Swiss Armed Forces |
|
| Traditional Sport Concept | No Intervention | Sport according to the traditional sport concept of the Swiss Armed Forces |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Swiss Army Physical Fitness Training | Other | 2 x 90 minutes strength training and sport games and 2 x 30 minutes endurance training per week during 18 weeks of basic military training |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Number of Participants With Injuries | All injuries which are registered in the patient's medical record are collected and classified. A classification system which takes into account anatomical site, circumstances of the accident, and severity of the injury is used. | During the basic military training (18 weeks) |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Physical Fitness Measured With the Swiss Physical Fitness Test Battery (SPFTB) | Physical Fitness is measured with the Swiss physical fitness test battery (SPFTB). The SPFTB contains a progressive endurance run, a trunk muscle strength test, a standing long jump, a seated shot put, and a one-leg standing test. From the results of those performance tests (0 to 25 points each), a total fitness score is calculated (sum of all points). The minimum total score (worst result) is 0 points, the maximum total score (best result) is 125 points. A detailed description of the SPFTB can be found in the publication of Wyss, Marti, Rossi, Kohler and Mäder (2007). |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Questionnaire About Sport Lessons | Duration of each sport session was registered in a questionnaire by the military personnel. The minimum would be 0 minutes of sport per week, for the maximum the scale is open-ended. Data of sport lessons during the whole basic military are combined and presented as a mean value for each group. | During the whole basic military training (18 weeks) |
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Thomas Wyss, PhD | Swiss Federal Institute of Sport Magglingen | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Casern of the Swiss Army rescue training school 75 | Wangen an der Aare | Canton of Bern | 3380 | Switzerland |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 25735025 | Background | Roos L, Boesch M, Sefidan S, Frey F, Mader U, Annen H, Wyss T. Adapted marching distances and physical training decrease recruits' injuries and attrition. Mil Med. 2015 Mar;180(3):329-36. doi: 10.7205/MILMED-D-14-00184. | |
| 24402985 | Background | Wyss T, Roos L, Hofstetter MC, Frey F, Mader U. Impact of training patterns on injury incidences in 12 Swiss Army basic military training schools. Mil Med. 2014 Jan;179(1):49-55. doi: 10.7205/MILMED-D-13-00289. |
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| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| FG000 | Swiss Army Physical Fitness Training | Sport according to the new sport concept ("Swiss Army Physical Fitness Training") of the Swiss Armed Forces Swiss Army Physical Fitness Training: 2 x 90 minutes strength training and sport games and 2 x 30 minutes endurance training per week during 18 weeks of basic military training |
| FG001 | Traditional Sport Concept | Sport according to the traditional sport concept of the Swiss Armed Forces |
| Title | Milestones | Reasons Not Completed | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall Study |
|
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| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| BG000 | Swiss Army Physical Fitness Training | Sport according to the new sport concept ("Swiss Army Physical Fitness Training") of the Swiss Armed Forces Swiss Army Physical Fitness Training: 2 x 90 minutes strength training and sport games and 2 x 30 minutes endurance training per week during 18 weeks of basic military training |
| BG001 |
| Units | Counts |
|---|---|
| Participants |
|
| Title | Description | Population Description | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Denominator Units Selected | Denominators | Classes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Customized | Number |
| Type | Title | Description | Population Description | Reporting Status | Anticipated Posting Date | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Time Frame | Units Analyzed | Denominator Units Selected | Arm/Group Information | Denominators | Classes | Analyses | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary | Number of Participants With Injuries | All injuries which are registered in the patient's medical record are collected and classified. A classification system which takes into account anatomical site, circumstances of the accident, and severity of the injury is used. | The overall number of participants analyzed is smaller than the corresponding numbers in the participant flow module, because only participants who finished the whole 18-weeks basic military training were included in the analysis. | Posted | Number | participants with injuries | During the basic military training (18 weeks) |
|
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| ID | Title | Description | Deaths (Affected) | Deaths (At Risk) | Serious Events (Affected) | Serious Events (At Risk) | Other Events (Affected) | Other Events (At Risk) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EG000 | Swiss Army Physical Fitness Training | Sport according to the new sport concept ("Swiss Army Physical Fitness Training") of the Swiss Armed Forces Swiss Army Physical Fitness Training: 2 x 90 minutes strength training and sport games and 2 x 30 minutes endurance training per week during 18 weeks of basic military training |
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It is possible that people who are interested in health or fitness issues were more likely to sign the informed consent, which could have had an influence on the injuries and fitness outcomes.
| Title | Organization | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dr. Thomas Wyss | Swiss Federal Institute of Sport Magglingen SFISM | +41 58 467 64 16 | thomas.wyss@baspo.admin.ch |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D014947 | Wounds and Injuries |
| D009043 | Motor Activity |
| D057085 | Tooth Wear |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001519 | Behavior |
| D014076 | Tooth Diseases |
| D009057 | Stomatognathic Diseases |
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| Weeks 2, 10 and 16 of the basic military training |
| Psychological Questionnaires | 2 questionaires concerning resilience were used: The Resilience Scale 11 (Schumacher, Leppert, Gunzelmann, Strauss & Brähler, 2005) and the Brief Resilience Scale (Smith, Dalen, Wiggings, Tooley, Christopher & Bernard, 2008). A mean was calculated for each time point. The total score ranges from 1 (worst result) to 7 (best result). | Weeks 2, 10 and 16 of the basic military training |
| Military Performance According to Military Marks | Military marks are given by superior Army personnel. The total score ranges from 1 (insufficient) to 5 (excellent). In total, three marks are given during the whole basic military training (after 7, 11 and 16 weeks). Data from those three time points are combined in a single value (mean). | During the basic military training (18 weeks) |
| Questionnaire About Health and Physical Activities | Week 1 of the basic military training and 3 months after finishing the basic military training |
| Attrition Rate | Withdrawals from the military service are reported by the training school's secretariat | During the whole basic military training (18 weeks) |
| Daily Energy Expenditure | Daily energy expenditure was measured using two accelerometers and one heart rate sensor. Data from weeks 2-9 of the basic military were combined and a single value (mean) was calculated for each group. | Weeks 2 - 9 of the basic military training |
| Daily Distance Covered on Foot | Daily distance covered on foot was measured using two accelerometers and one heart rate sensor. Data from weeks 2-9 of the basic military were combined and a single value (mean) was calculated for each group. | Weeks 2 - 9 of the basic military training |
| 22190160 | Background | Hofstetter MC, Mader U, Wyss T. Effects of a 7-week outdoor circuit training program on Swiss Army recruits. J Strength Cond Res. 2012 Dec;26(12):3418-25. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e318245bebe. |
| 21634292 | Background | Wyss T, Mader U. Energy expenditure estimation during daily military routine with body-fixed sensors. Mil Med. 2011 May;176(5):494-9. doi: 10.7205/milmed-d-10-00376. |
| 21121495 | Background | Wyss T, Mader U. Recognition of military-specific physical activities with body-fixed sensors. Mil Med. 2010 Nov;175(11):858-64. doi: 10.7205/milmed-d-10-00023. |
| Background | Wyss, T, Marti, B, Rossi, S, Kohler, U, & Mäder, U (2007). Assembling and Verfification of a Fitness Test Battery for the Recruitment of the Swiss Army and Nation-wide Use. Schweizerische Zeitschrift für |
| 18696313 | Background | Smith BW, Dalen J, Wiggins K, Tooley E, Christopher P, Bernard J. The brief resilience scale: assessing the ability to bounce back. Int J Behav Med. 2008;15(3):194-200. doi: 10.1080/10705500802222972. |
| Background | Schumacher, J, Leppert, K, Gunzelmann, T, Strauss, B, & Brähler, E(2005). Die Resilienzskala - Ein Fragebogen zur Erfassung der psychischen Widerstandsfähigkeit als Personmerkmal. Zeitschrift für klinische Psychologie, Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, 53(1), 16-39. |
| Traditional Sport Concept |
Sport according to the traditional sport concept of the Swiss Armed Forces |
| BG002 | Total | Total of all reporting groups |
| participants |
|
| Sex/Gender, Customized | Number | participants |
|
| OG001 | Traditional Sport Concept | Sport according to the traditional sport concept of the Swiss Armed Forces |
|
|
| Secondary | Physical Fitness Measured With the Swiss Physical Fitness Test Battery (SPFTB) | Physical Fitness is measured with the Swiss physical fitness test battery (SPFTB). The SPFTB contains a progressive endurance run, a trunk muscle strength test, a standing long jump, a seated shot put, and a one-leg standing test. From the results of those performance tests (0 to 25 points each), a total fitness score is calculated (sum of all points). The minimum total score (worst result) is 0 points, the maximum total score (best result) is 125 points. A detailed description of the SPFTB can be found in the publication of Wyss, Marti, Rossi, Kohler and Mäder (2007). | The overall number of participants analyzed is smaller than the corresponding number in the participant flow module, because only participants who completed all three fitness tests were included in the analysis. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | units on a scale from 0 to 125 | Weeks 2, 10 and 16 of the basic military training |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Psychological Questionnaires | 2 questionaires concerning resilience were used: The Resilience Scale 11 (Schumacher, Leppert, Gunzelmann, Strauss & Brähler, 2005) and the Brief Resilience Scale (Smith, Dalen, Wiggings, Tooley, Christopher & Bernard, 2008). A mean was calculated for each time point. The total score ranges from 1 (worst result) to 7 (best result). | The overall number of participants analyzed is smaller than the corresponding number in the participant flow module, because only participants who the psychological questionnaires at all three time points were included in the analysis. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | units on a scale 1-7 | Weeks 2, 10 and 16 of the basic military training |
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|
|
| Secondary | Military Performance According to Military Marks | Military marks are given by superior Army personnel. The total score ranges from 1 (insufficient) to 5 (excellent). In total, three marks are given during the whole basic military training (after 7, 11 and 16 weeks). Data from those three time points are combined in a single value (mean). | The overall number of participants analyzed is smaller than the corresponding number in the participant flow module, because only participants from whom military marks were available for the whole basic military training were included in the analysis. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | units on a scale 1-5 | During the basic military training (18 weeks) |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Questionnaire About Health and Physical Activities | The overall number of participants analyzed is smaller than the corresponding number in the participant flow module, because only participants who completed the questionnaire at both time points were included in the analysis. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | Minutes of physical activity per week | Week 1 of the basic military training and 3 months after finishing the basic military training |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Attrition Rate | Withdrawals from the military service are reported by the training school's secretariat | Posted | Number | participants | During the whole basic military training (18 weeks) |
|
|
|
| Other Pre-specified | Questionnaire About Sport Lessons | Duration of each sport session was registered in a questionnaire by the military personnel. The minimum would be 0 minutes of sport per week, for the maximum the scale is open-ended. Data of sport lessons during the whole basic military are combined and presented as a mean value for each group. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | minutes of sport per week | During the whole basic military training (18 weeks) |
|
|
|
| Other Pre-specified | Daily Energy Expenditure | Daily energy expenditure was measured using two accelerometers and one heart rate sensor. Data from weeks 2-9 of the basic military were combined and a single value (mean) was calculated for each group. | The overall number of participants analyzed is smaller than the corresponding number in the participant flow module, because only an exemplary sample of 40 participants per group were chosen to wear the sensors due to financial reasons. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | Megajoule per day | Weeks 2 - 9 of the basic military training |
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|
|
| Other Pre-specified | Daily Distance Covered on Foot | Daily distance covered on foot was measured using two accelerometers and one heart rate sensor. Data from weeks 2-9 of the basic military were combined and a single value (mean) was calculated for each group. | The overall number of participants analyzed is smaller than the corresponding number in the participant flow module, because only an exemplary sample of 40 participants per group were chosen to wear the sensors due to financial reasons. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | km per day | Weeks 2 - 9 of the basic military training |
|
|
|
| 0 |
| 375 |
| 0 |
| 375 |
| EG001 | Traditional Sport Concept | Sport according to the traditional sport concept of the Swiss Armed Forces | 0 | 347 | 0 | 347 |
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| fitness test week 16 |
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| Resilience week 16 |
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