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The PLE²NO (in Portuguese Education and Exercise Free Program for osteoarthritis) is a self-management and exercise program specific for elderly with knee osteoarthritis (OA), with the goals of managing OA symptoms, improving physical fitness, and developing self-efficacy and self-management of pathology.
Participants were randomly assigned to one of two groups: (1) Self-management and Exercise (2) Educational. Both groups received glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate supplement during the intervention. Blinding of participants was not possible due to the nature of the intervention; however, assessors were blinded to group allocation. The PLE2NO (in Portuguese Education and Exercise Free Program for osteoarthritis) is a community-based program with two components: self-management and exercise. Each session lasted 90 minutes, and the first 30 minutes corresponded to a self-management part and the remaining 60 minutes to the exercise program. The program was offered in a group format, encouraging peer interactions and socialization that can help counteract feelings of depression and isolation. The self-management program is based on the program developed at Stanford University, the Chronic Disease Self-Management Program which the purpose is developing self-efficacy based on social cognitive theory. The exercise program comprised both health related (strength, flexibility) and skill-related (agility, balance, speed and power) physical fitness components, and was based on Fit an Strong Program, on Exercise for People with Arthritis (FEPA) and also on the program Takin Control with Exercise (Arthritis Foundation). The program will last for 3 months and 6 months of follow-up.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Self-Management and exercise | Experimental |
| |
| Educational | Active Comparator |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Self-Management and exercise | Device | Self-Management and exercise It is a 3 months intervention where the participants were enrolled two times per week, 90 minutes each session, first 30 minutes were allocated for the self-management component and the remaining 60 minutes for the exercise component. Additionally,participants received glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate supplement. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change from baseline knee OA symptoms to 3 month, assessed by Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) questionnaire. | Change from baseline to 3 month | |
| Change from baseline self-efficacy to 3 month, assessed by Self-efficacy for managing Chronic Disease - 6-Item Scale questionnaire. | Change from baseline to 3 month | |
| Change from baseline functional strength to 3 month, assessed by Five repetition sit to stand test. | Change from baseline to 3 month | |
| Change from baseline cardiorespiratory endurance to 3 month, assessed by Six Minutes' Walk test. | Change from baseline to 3 month | |
| Change from baseline flexibility to 3 month, assessed by Chair Sit and Reach test, and the Back Scratch test. | Change from baseline to 3 month | |
| Change from baseline hand grip strength to 3 month, assessed by hand grip dynamometer test. | Change from baseline to 3 month |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change from baseline health related quality of life to 3 month, assessed by perception of health and quality of life five dimension, five levels (EuroQol - EQ-5D-5L) questionnaire. | Change from baseline to 3 month | |
| Change from baseline self-management behaviors to 3 month, Use of cognitive symptom management techniques, Communication with Physicians questionnaires. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Priscila Marconcin, Master | Faculty of Human Kinetics, Lisbon University | Principal Investigator |
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| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 27267755 | Derived | Marconcin P, Espanha M, Yazigi F, Campos P. The PLE(2)NO self-management and exercise program for knee osteoarthritis: Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2016 Jun 7;17:250. doi: 10.1186/s12891-016-1115-7. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010003 | Osteoarthritis |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001168 | Arthritis |
| D007592 | Joint Diseases |
| D009140 | Musculoskeletal Diseases |
| D012216 | Rheumatic Diseases |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D005081 | Exercise Therapy |
| D017145 | Models, Educational |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D012046 | Rehabilitation |
| D000359 | Aftercare |
| D003266 | Continuity of Patient Care |
| D005791 | Patient Care |
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|
| Educational | Device | This group received an educational book with information about OA features, treatment modalities and exercise education with illustration. Additionally, a monthly educational session each with one hour and a half duration, in total 3, where joint protections strategies, OA self-management and exercise contents were transmitted. Additionally,participants received glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate supplement. |
|
| Change from baseline to 3 month |
| Change from baseline physical activity level to 3 month, assessed by International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). | Change from baseline to 3 month |
| Change from baseline gait speed to 3 month, assessed by Six-meters test. | Change from baseline to 3 month |
| Change from baseline balance to 3 month, assessed by Standing Balance test. | Change from baseline to 3 month |
| Change from baseline mobility to 3 month, assessed by Timed "up-and-go" test. | Change from baseline to 3 month |
| D013812 |
| Therapeutics |
| D026741 | Physical Therapy Modalities |
| D008962 | Models, Theoretical |
| D008919 | Investigative Techniques |