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To establish adequate volume of levobupivacaine 0.25% in adductor canal nerve block in unilateral cruciate ligament of the knee reconstruction surgery.
The complex knee surgery has been associated with severe postoperative pain. Different analgesic techniques for postoperative management of this increasingly common surgery, with main purpose of adequately control pain, minimizing adverse effects and seeking early rehabilitation.
Currently, the most used technique is the continuous femoral nerve block, which is able to control postoperative pain well, but has the limitation that also produces motor blockade, decreasing quadriceps strength up to 80%, increasing the number of falls and delaying early mobilization after surgery. On the other hand, the adductor canal nerve block is an alternative as it is considered a purely sensitive block. The nerves that are in this channel are the saphenous adductor nerve, posterior branches of the obturator nerve, medial vast nerve, sometimes the medial cutaneous nerve and anterior branches of the obturator nerve and the vast medial nerve.
With regard to the adductor canal block, current literature supports analgesic effect comparable to femoral nerve block with less motor block than femoral nerve block. However, there is no clarity regarding the ideal concentration and volume of local anesthetics to use. Volumes ranging from 5 to 30 ml have been used in different studies. For example, using 20 mL of local anesthetic in femoral nerve block has produced scattering of anesthetic that has blocked motor branches.
The investigators objective is to determine which volume of levobupivacaine 0.25% is necessary to produce analgesia and sensitive blockade while minimizing motor blockade in adductor canal nerve block in patients undergoing cruciate ligament reconstruction surgery.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| A Levobupivacaine 5 mL | Experimental | Adductor canal nerve block with levobupivacaine 0.25% 5 mL and perineural catheter placement, an elastomeric pump with bupivacaine 0.1% at a rate of 5 ml/hr will be placed after surgery for continuous nerve block. |
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| B Levobupivacaine 10 mL | Experimental | Adductor canal nerve block with levobupivacaine 0.25% 10 mL and perineural catheter placement, an elastomeric pump with bupivacaine 0.1% at a rate of 5 ml/hr will be placed after surgery for continuous nerve block. |
|
| C Levobupivacaine 15 mL | Experimental | Adductor canal nerve block with levobupivacaine 0.25% 15 mL and perineural catheter placement, an elastomeric pump with bupivacaine 0.1% at a rate of 5 ml/hr will be placed after surgery for continuous nerve block. |
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| D Levobupivacaine 20 mL | Experimental | Adductor canal nerve block with levobupivacaine 0.25% 20 mL and perineural catheter placement, an elastomeric pump with bupivacaine 0.1% at a rate of 5 ml/hr will be placed after surgery for continuous nerve block. |
|
| E Levobupivacaine 25 mL | Experimental |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Levobupivacaine 5 mL | Drug | Levobupivacaine 0.25% 5 mL in adductor canal nerve block |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in quadriceps motor force measured in kg*m/sec2 | Using a dynamometer in anterior tibial muscle | Before nerve block (basal) and 24 hours after surgery |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Pain | Using visual analogue scale, static and dynamic evaluation, scale from 0 (no pain) to 10 (worst pain imaginable) | Before surgery, 30 minutes after nerve block, one hour after surgery, 48 hours after surgery |
| Rescue analgesia |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fernando R Altermatt, MD | Contact | 56-2-23543270 | falterma@med.puc.cl |
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Fernando R Altermatt, MD | Associate Professor Ordinary Category | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Division de Anestesia - Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile | Recruiting | Santiago | Santiago Metropolitan | 8330024 | Chile |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 12717143 | Background | Williams BA, Kentor ML, Vogt MT, Williams JP, Chelly JE, Valalik S, Harner CD, Fu FH. Femoral-sciatic nerve blocks for complex outpatient knee surgery are associated with less postoperative pain before same-day discharge: a review of 1,200 consecutive cases from the period 1996-1999. Anesthesiology. 2003 May;98(5):1206-13. doi: 10.1097/00000542-200305000-00024. | |
| 24401802 |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000077554 | Levobupivacaine |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D002045 | Bupivacaine |
| D000813 | Anilides |
| D000577 | Amides |
| D009930 | Organic Chemicals |
| D000814 |
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Adductor canal nerve block with levobupivacaine 0.25% 25 mL and perineural catheter placement, an elastomeric pump with bupivacaine 0.1% at a rate of 5 ml/hr will be placed after surgery for continuous nerve block. |
|
| F Levobupivacaine 30 mL | Experimental | Adductor canal nerve block with levobupivacaine 0.25% 30 mL and perineural catheter placement, an elastomeric pump with bupivacaine 0.1% at a rate of 5 ml/hr will be placed after surgery for continuous nerve block. |
|
| Levobupivacaine 10 mL | Drug | Levobupivacaine 0.25% 10 mL in adductor canal nerve block |
|
|
| Levobupivacaine 15 mL | Drug | Levobupivacaine 0.25% 15 mL in adductor canal nerve block |
|
|
| Levobupivacaine 20 mL | Drug | Levobupivacaine 0.25% 20 mL in adductor canal nerve block |
|
|
| Levobupivacaine 25 mL | Drug | Levobupivacaine 0.25% 25 mL in adductor canal nerve block |
|
|
| Levobupivacaine 30 mL | Drug | Levobupivacaine 0.25% 30 mL in adductor canal nerve block |
|
|
Lidocaine 1% bolus through nerve block catheter and opioid use, measured in mg
| 24 hours and 48 hours after surgery |
| Patient satisfaction | Using a 5 point scale from 1 (very unsatisfied) to 5 (very satisfied) | 48 hours after surgery |
| Change in quadriceps force measured by 30-second chair stand test | Using 30-second chair stand test, how many times patient can stand up in 30 seconds, number of times is recorded | Before nerve block (basal) and 24 hours after surgery |
| Sensitivity block | Using a sensitivity scale ranging from 0 (no sensitivity), 1 (paresthesias) and 2 (normal sensitivity. Measured with needle prick and cold sensitivity. | 30 minutes after adductor canal block |
| Grevstad U, Mathiesen O, Lind T, Dahl JB. Effect of adductor canal block on pain in patients with severe pain after total knee arthroplasty: a randomized study with individual patient analysis. Br J Anaesth. 2014 May;112(5):912-9. doi: 10.1093/bja/aet441. Epub 2014 Jan 8. |
| 10422923 | Background | Capdevila X, Barthelet Y, Biboulet P, Ryckwaert Y, Rubenovitch J, d'Athis F. Effects of perioperative analgesic technique on the surgical outcome and duration of rehabilitation after major knee surgery. Anesthesiology. 1999 Jul;91(1):8-15. doi: 10.1097/00000542-199907000-00006. |
| 24401769 | Background | Kim DH, Lin Y, Goytizolo EA, Kahn RL, Maalouf DB, Manohar A, Patt ML, Goon AK, Lee YY, Ma Y, Yadeau JT. Adductor canal block versus femoral nerve block for total knee arthroplasty: a prospective, randomized, controlled trial. Anesthesiology. 2014 Mar;120(3):540-50. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000000119. |
| 9661553 | Background | Allen HW, Liu SS, Ware PD, Nairn CS, Owens BD. Peripheral nerve blocks improve analgesia after total knee replacement surgery. Anesth Analg. 1998 Jul;87(1):93-7. doi: 10.1097/00000539-199807000-00020. |
| 20881593 | Background | Hadzic A, Houle TT, Capdevila X, Ilfeld BM. Femoral nerve block for analgesia in patients having knee arthroplasty. Anesthesiology. 2010 Nov;113(5):1014-5. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0b013e3181f4b43d. No abstract available. |
| 21394001 | Background | Charous MT, Madison SJ, Suresh PJ, Sandhu NS, Loland VJ, Mariano ER, Donohue MC, Dutton PH, Ferguson EJ, Ilfeld BM. Continuous femoral nerve blocks: varying local anesthetic delivery method (bolus versus basal) to minimize quadriceps motor block while maintaining sensory block. Anesthesiology. 2011 Oct;115(4):774-81. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0b013e3182124dc6. |
| 19046884 | Background | Kandasami M, Kinninmonth AW, Sarungi M, Baines J, Scott NB. Femoral nerve block for total knee replacement - a word of caution. Knee. 2009 Mar;16(2):98-100. doi: 10.1016/j.knee.2008.10.007. Epub 2008 Nov 28. |
| 20889937 | Background | Ilfeld BM, Duke KB, Donohue MC. The association between lower extremity continuous peripheral nerve blocks and patient falls after knee and hip arthroplasty. Anesth Analg. 2010 Dec;111(6):1552-4. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0b013e3181fb9507. Epub 2010 Oct 1. |
| 17196495 | Background | Muraskin SI, Conrad B, Zheng N, Morey TE, Enneking FK. Falls associated with lower-extremity-nerve blocks: a pilot investigation of mechanisms. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2007 Jan-Feb;32(1):67-72. doi: 10.1016/j.rapm.2006.08.013. |
| 22834681 | Background | Jaeger P, Grevstad U, Henningsen MH, Gottschau B, Mathiesen O, Dahl JB. Effect of adductor-canal-blockade on established, severe post-operative pain after total knee arthroplasty: a randomised study. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2012 Sep;56(8):1013-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-6576.2012.02737.x. Epub 2012 Jul 26. |
| 17720129 | Background | Krombach J, Gray AT. Sonography for saphenous nerve block near the adductor canal. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2007 Jul-Aug;32(4):369-70. doi: 10.1016/j.rapm.2007.04.006. No abstract available. |
| 19920424 | Background | Horn JL, Pitsch T, Salinas F, Benninger B. Anatomic basis to the ultrasound-guided approach for saphenous nerve blockade. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2009 Sep-Oct;34(5):486-9. doi: 10.1097/AAP.0b013e3181ae11af. |
| 22221014 | Background | Jenstrup MT, Jaeger P, Lund J, Fomsgaard JS, Bache S, Mathiesen O, Larsen TK, Dahl JB. Effects of adductor-canal-blockade on pain and ambulation after total knee arthroplasty: a randomized study. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2012 Mar;56(3):357-64. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-6576.2011.02621.x. Epub 2012 Jan 4. |
| 21039357 | Background | Lund J, Jenstrup MT, Jaeger P, Sorensen AM, Dahl JB. Continuous adductor-canal-blockade for adjuvant post-operative analgesia after major knee surgery: preliminary results. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2011 Jan;55(1):14-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-6576.2010.02333.x. Epub 2010 Oct 29. |
| 23241723 | Background | Jaeger P, Nielsen ZJ, Henningsen MH, Hilsted KL, Mathiesen O, Dahl JB. Adductor canal block versus femoral nerve block and quadriceps strength: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study in healthy volunteers. Anesthesiology. 2013 Feb;118(2):409-15. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0b013e318279fa0b. |
| 23788068 | Background | Kwofie MK, Shastri UD, Gadsden JC, Sinha SK, Abrams JH, Xu D, Salviz EA. The effects of ultrasound-guided adductor canal block versus femoral nerve block on quadriceps strength and fall risk: a blinded, randomized trial of volunteers. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2013 Jul-Aug;38(4):321-5. doi: 10.1097/AAP.0b013e318295df80. |
| 21697687 | Background | Saranteas T, Anagnostis G, Paraskeuopoulos T, Koulalis D, Kokkalis Z, Nakou M, Anagnostopoulou S, Kostopanagiotou G. Anatomy and clinical implications of the ultrasound-guided subsartorial saphenous nerve block. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2011 Jul-Aug;36(4):399-402. doi: 10.1097/AAP.0b013e318220f172. |
| 24553306 | Background | Chen J, Lesser JB, Hadzic A, Reiss W, Resta-Flarer F. Adductor canal block can result in motor block of the quadriceps muscle. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2014 Mar-Apr;39(2):170-1. doi: 10.1097/AAP.0000000000000053. |
| 19901788 | Background | Davis JJ, Bond TS, Swenson JD. Adductor canal block: more than just the saphenous nerve? Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2009 Nov-Dec;34(6):618-9. doi: 10.1097/AAP.0b013e3181bfbf00. No abstract available. |
| 23788070 | Background | Choi S, Trang A, McCartney CJ. Reporting functional outcome after knee arthroplasty and regional anesthesia: a methodological primer. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2013 Jul-Aug;38(4):340-9. doi: 10.1097/AAP.0b013e318295d973. |
| 11138949 | Background | Bohannon RW. Measuring knee extensor muscle strength. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2001 Jan;80(1):13-8. doi: 10.1097/00002060-200101000-00004. |
| 25386752 | Background | Jaeger P, Koscielniak-Nielsen ZJ, Schroder HM, Mathiesen O, Henningsen MH, Lund J, Jenstrup MT, Dahl JB. Adductor canal block for postoperative pain treatment after revision knee arthroplasty: a blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled study. PLoS One. 2014 Nov 11;9(11):e111951. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111951. eCollection 2014. |
| 12411799 | Background | Munoz HR, Cortinez LI, Altermatt FR, Dagnino JA. Remifentanil requirements during sevoflurane administration to block somatic and cardiovascular responses to skin incision in children and adults. Anesthesiology. 2002 Nov;97(5):1142-5. doi: 10.1097/00000542-200211000-00018. |
| 21037268 | Background | Bouvet L, Da-Col X, Chassard D, Dalery F, Ruynat L, Allaouchiche B, Dantony E, Boselli E. ED(5)(0) and ED(9)(5) of intrathecal levobupivacaine with opioids for Caesarean delivery. Br J Anaesth. 2011 Feb;106(2):215-20. doi: 10.1093/bja/aeq296. Epub 2010 Oct 30. |
| Aniline Compounds |
| D000588 | Amines |