The purpose of this study is to test whether addition of aquatic exercise to conventional treatment helps reduce the adverse outcomes of chronic venous insufficiency including CVI resulting from venous thrombosis.

Post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS) develops in approximately 25-60% of patients with acute lower extremity deep venous thrombosis (DVT) depending on severity, chronicity, anatomic level of involvement and efficacy of anticoagulation.The frequency increases with occlusive iliac venous thrombosis. PTS results in significant morbidity and a staggering toll on health careresources . PTS is reduced by early percutaneous endovenous intervention and administration of new oral anticoagulants. There are conflicting results on the efficacy of exercise . In general, exercise has been useful in activation of the muscle pump and improvement of symptoms. There are no data about exercise in a swimming pool. Both walking in water or swimming reduce the effect of joint contact and therefore pain which is particularly useful in patients with arthritis or heavyweight. Furthermore with less effect of gravity, absorption of dependent edema would be faster. Dry skin becomes hydrated and the chlorine of water can exert antiseptic properties. There are no data on the role of aquatic activity in the reduction of measures of venous insufficiency.The purpose of this study is to assess whether encouragement of patients to perform aquatic activity in addition to baseline treatment would positively impact chronic venous insufficiency.

Inclusion Criteria:

age>18 years; a Villalta score of ˃5 or a modified Venous Clinical Severity Score (VCSS) of ˃5 plus ongoing symptoms of ˃3 months despite receiving conservative management (minimum of 2 of the following: compression stockings, leg elevation, physical activity on land and use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs where appropriate, for the preceding 3 months).

Exclusion criteria consisted of unwillingness or inability to use or no access to a swimming pool; open ulceration; planned intervention for arterial or superficial venous reflux, deep venous thrombosis (DVT), venous stenosis, pelvic congestion syndrome, within the first 3 months of enrolment; or using a swimming pool on a regular basis.