Low Tidal Volume for Lung Protection During Anesthesia of Laparoscopic Surgery in Trendlenburg Position

Mechanical ventilation of patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery may induce lung injury. Since lung protective ventilation has been recommended during anesthesia to prevent ongoing lung injury, so in our study the investigators will compare three different lung protective strategies regarding their lung protective effect measured by the incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications, perioperative oxygenation and postoperative inflammatory mediator release.

Inclusion Criteria:

• all patients undergoing laparoscopic colorectal or gynaecologic surgery with expected time more than two hours

Exclusion Criteria:

• refusal, preoperative pulmonary disease