Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is comprised of two major disorders: ulcerative colitis and Crohn disease.

Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory condition characterized by relapsing and remitting episodes of inflammation limited to the mucosal layer of the colon. It almost invariably involves the rectum and typically extends in a proximal and continuous fashion to involve other portions of the colon.

Crohn disease is characterized by transmural inflammation and by skip lesions. The transmural inflammatory nature of Crohn disease may lead to fibrosis and strictures, and to obstructive clinical presentations that are not typically seen in ulcerative colitis. More commonly, the transmural inflammation results in sinus tracts, giving rise to microperforations and fistulae.

Crohn disease may involve the entire gastrointestinal tract from mouth to perianal área patients with long-standing inflammatory bowel disease are prone to the development of colorectal cancer

Chromoendoscopy involves the topical application of stains to improve tissue localization and characterization of lessions during endoscopy . Chromoendoscopy has been used in patients undergoing colonoscopy, including those undergoing surveillance for chronic ulcerative colitis. Using pit pattern classifications, chromoendoscopy has a high sensitivity and specificity for differentiating neoplastic from non-neoplastic lesions

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