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Objectives: The aim of this research is to compare the effectiveness of myofascial release therapy and exercise therapy on pain, quality of sleep, anxiety, trigger points, and joint sounds in individuals with temporomandibular disorders and myofascial pain-dysfunction syndrome.
Material and Methods: A single-blind randomized clinical trial will be conducted in a university research clinic. Sixty-four subjects with temporomandibular disorders and myofascial pain-dysfunction syndrome will be randomly assigned to physical therapy group (myofascial release protocol and Rocabado exercise therapy) and control group (exercise therapy). Intensity of pain, quality of life, quality of sleep, anxiety, trigger points, and joint sounds will be collected at baseline, and forty-eight hours after the intervention phase.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| myofascial release protocol and Rocabado exercise therapy | Experimental | Myofascial Release Protocol:
|
|
| exercise therapy | Active Comparator | Rocabado´s 6 x 6 exercises program utilizes six exercises six times by day. The patient is in supine position with a loop of 6 cm in the cervical area, and the therapist sits at the head of the bed. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| myofascial release protocol and Rocabado exercise therapy | Other |
| ||
| exercise therapy |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Intensity of pain (100-mm VAS) | A 100-mm VAS was used for determining pain intensity, ranging from 0 (no pain) to 100 (very severe pain). | Changes from baseline in intensity of pain at twelve weeks |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Quality of Sleep (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index - PSQI) | PSQI was used to study the quality of sleep. It comprises 24 items where the individuals respond to 19 of these items, and individual living in the same dwelling (or hospital room) responds to remaining 5. Scores are obtained on each of 7 components of sleep quality: subjective quality, sleep latency, sleep duration, habitual sleep efficacy, sleep perturbations, use of hypnotic medication, and daily dysfunction. Each component is scored from 0 to 3 (0: no problems; 3: severe problems). |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 21178593 | Background | Hoffmann RG, Kotchen JM, Kotchen TA, Cowley T, Dasgupta M, Cowley AW Jr. Temporomandibular disorders and associated clinical comorbidities. Clin J Pain. 2011 Mar-Apr;27(3):268-74. doi: 10.1097/AJP.0b013e31820215f5. | |
| 16202043 | Background | Venancio Rde A, Camparis CM, Lizarelli Rde F. Low intensity laser therapy in the treatment of temporomandibular disorders: a double-blind study. J Oral Rehabil. 2005 Nov;32(11):800-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2842.2005.01516.x. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D013705 | Temporomandibular Joint Disorders |
| D009209 | Myofascial Pain Syndromes |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D017271 | Craniomandibular Disorders |
| D008336 | Mandibular Diseases |
| D007571 | Jaw Diseases |
| D009140 | Musculoskeletal Diseases |
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Not provided
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D005081 | Exercise Therapy |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D012046 | Rehabilitation |
| D000359 | Aftercare |
| D003266 | Continuity of Patient Care |
| D005791 | Patient Care |
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| Other |
|
| Changes from baseline in quality of sleep at twelve weeks |
| State and trait anxiety (state anxiety questionnaire and trait - STAI) | Anxiety level were determined with the 40-item State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), which measures anxiety as a stable dimension of personality (trait or tendency to anxiety) and also includes a state subscale to detect anxiety behaviors. Subjects report their feelings in general for the trait scale and how they feel at the time of questionnaire completion for the state anxiety scale. The state anxiety scale indicates the feelings or sensations of anxiety (not at all, somewhat, moderately so, very much so) at a specific moment in time. The trait anxiety scale indicates the frequency with which anxiety is experienced (almost never, sometimes, often, almost, and always). | Changes from baseline in state and trait anxiety at twelve weeks |
| Physical parameters of active and passive mouth opening | The subjects were asked to open her/his mouth as much as possible for the measurement of active mouth opening without pain and maximal active mouth opening. Maximal passive mouth opening was measured after the application of downward pressure on the mandible by the second and third finger of the patient. The vertical overlap of the incisors was measured by a ruler (Helios-Preisser, Gammertingen, Germany) and recorded in mm for these parameters. | Changes from baseline in active and passive mouth opening at twelve weeks |
| Physical parameters of pain in temporalis muscles | Trigger points were assessed by palpation of temporal muscle (anterior, middle, and origin). | Changes from baseline in pain in temporalis muscles at twelve weeks |
| Physical parameters of lateral condyle pole and temporal tendon insertion pain | The muscles, tendon, and lateral condyles were palpated to the finger portion of the examiner´s finger applying a pressure on the muscle (1 Kg) and lateral condyles (0.5 Kg) being studied for 3-6s. | Changes from baseline in Lateral condyle pole and temporal tendon insertion pain at twelve weeks |
| Physical parameters of clicking sound when opening / close palpation | Joint sounds during mouth opening and closing were assessed with the examiner's left index finger on the right joint and the right finger on pre-auricular area. The fingertip is placed anterior to the tragus of the ear. The patient is asked to slowly open as much as possible. After each closing, the subject must place the teeth in contact at a maximal intercuspal position. The patient open and close the mouth three times. Total number of sounds was recorded on both sides. | Changes from baseline in clicking sound when opening / close palpation at twelve weeks |
| Physical parameters of pain in masseter muscles | Trigger points were assessed by palpation of masseter muscle (anterior, deep, origin). | Changes from baseline in pain in temporalis muscles at twelve weeks |
| Physical parameters of pain in lateral pterygoid muscles | Trigger points were assessed by palpation of lateral pterygoid muscle | Changes from baseline in pain in lateral pterygoid muscles at twelve weeks |
| 1298767 | Background | Dworkin SF, LeResche L. Research diagnostic criteria for temporomandibular disorders: review, criteria, examinations and specifications, critique. J Craniomandib Disord. 1992 Fall;6(4):301-55. No abstract available. |
| 17096090 | Background | Leblebici B, Pektas ZO, Ortancil O, Hurcan EC, Bagis S, Akman MN. Coexistence of fibromyalgia, temporomandibular disorder, and masticatory myofascial pain syndromes. Rheumatol Int. 2007 Apr;27(6):541-4. doi: 10.1007/s00296-006-0251-z. Epub 2006 Nov 10. |
| 15894939 | Background | Manfredini D, Tognini F, Montagnani G, Bazzichi L, Bombardieri S, Bosco M. Comparison of masticatory dysfunction in temporomandibular disorders and fibromyalgia. Minerva Stomatol. 2004 Nov-Dec;53(11-12):641-50. English, Italian. |
| 10647761 | Background | Aaron LA, Burke MM, Buchwald D. Overlapping conditions among patients with chronic fatigue syndrome, fibromyalgia, and temporomandibular disorder. Arch Intern Med. 2000 Jan 24;160(2):221-7. doi: 10.1001/archinte.160.2.221. |
| 17482850 | Background | Balasubramaniam R, de Leeuw R, Zhu H, Nickerson RB, Okeson JP, Carlson CR. Prevalence of temporomandibular disorders in fibromyalgia and failed back syndrome patients: a blinded prospective comparison study. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2007 Aug;104(2):204-16. doi: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2007.01.012. Epub 2007 May 7. |
| 22446432 | Background | Fraga BP, Santos EB, Farias Neto JP, Macieira JC, Quintans LJ Jr, Onofre AS, De Santana JM, Martins-Filho PR, Bonjardim LR. Signs and symptoms of temporomandibular dysfunction in fibromyalgic patients. J Craniofac Surg. 2012 Mar;23(2):615-8. doi: 10.1097/SCS.0b013e31824cd81a. |
| 12913944 | Background | Rhodus NL, Fricton J, Carlson P, Messner R. Oral symptoms associated with fibromyalgia syndrome. J Rheumatol. 2003 Aug;30(8):1841-5. |
| 22935970 | Background | Alonso-Blanco C, Fernandez-de-Las-Penas C, de-la-Llave-Rincon AI, Zarco-Moreno P, Galan-Del-Rio F, Svensson P. Characteristics of referred muscle pain to the head from active trigger points in women with myofascial temporomandibular pain and fibromyalgia syndrome. J Headache Pain. 2012 Nov;13(8):625-37. doi: 10.1007/s10194-012-0477-y. Epub 2012 Aug 31. |
| 18314857 | Background | Nifosi F, Violato E, Pavan C, Sifari L, Novello G, Guarda Nardini L, Manfredini D, Semenzin M, Pavan L, Marini M. Psychopathology and clinical features in an Italian sample of patients with myofascial and temporomandibular joint pain: preliminary data. Int J Psychiatry Med. 2007;37(3):283-300. doi: 10.2190/PM.37.3.f. |
| 17508633 | Background | Salvetti G, Manfredini D, Bazzichi L, Bosco M. Clinical features of the stomatognathic involvement in fibromyalgia syndrome: a comparison with temporomandibular disorders patients. Cranio. 2007 Apr;25(2):127-33. doi: 10.1179/crn.2007.019. |
| D007592 |
| Joint Diseases |
| D009135 | Muscular Diseases |
| D009057 | Stomatognathic Diseases |
| D013812 |
| Therapeutics |
| D026741 | Physical Therapy Modalities |