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Stroke is a neurovascular event characterized by impaired blood supply to the brain due to rupture or obstruction of certain cerebral arteries, which often results in hemiparesis and can affect individuals of any age and sex, being prevalent in the elderly population.
Among the main treatments available for stroke rehabilitation, most of them demands an appropriate structure and high-qualified personnel. Searching for more affordable treatment options, several studies suggest the use of mental practice with motor imagery as a potential therapeutic tool, since it can be performed at any place or any time the patient wishes, including their own homes.
Motor imagery can be defined as the covert cognitive process of imagining a movement of your own body(-part) without actually moving that body(-part).
Within this context, the objective of this study is to investigate the effects of mental practice for mobility, gait function and speed and muscle strength of the lower limb in subacute post-stroke hemiparesis.
Post-stroke patients will be invited to participate after hospital discharge, based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Then, after acceptance, participants will be randomized (block strategy) into two groups: Control group (Physiotherapy and Cognitive mental exercise) and Intervention group (Physiotherapy and Mental Practice group).
At baseline, 4 weeks (end of intervention) and 6 weeks, participants will be evaluated through the following tests: Timed-Up and Go test, 5-Meter Walk Test, TUG-ABS, WHOQOL-Bref, DASS-21 and muscle strength.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Intervention (Mental Practice) | Experimental | Participants will be submitted to individual and structured physiotherapy sessions (the same as the control groups). They will also participate in a structured mental practice session (lasting 30 minutes and three times a week), totaling 12 sessions at the end of this intervention. |
|
| Control group | Placebo Comparator | Participants will be submitted to individual and structured physiotherapy sessions lasting 40 minutes. They will also participate in a cognitive training and relaxation session (lasting 30 minutes, three times a week), totaling 12 sessions. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mental practice | Other | The sessions will be individualized and carried out in a peaceful setting.The aim of the mental practice protocol was to promote motor imagery of the following activities: get up from a chair and walk and sit, which enrolls the basic and instrumental activities of daily living. The sessions will consist of six steps: (1) "Physical Practice" (2) "Familiarization" (3) "Memory" (4) "Relaxation" (5) "Repeat" and (6) "post-practice mental relaxation". After the mental practice session, participants will be submitted to individual and structured physiotherapy sessions (the same as the control groups). |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in Timed Up and Go (TUG) | This is a measure that examines the participant's basic mobility skills by measuring seconds to rise from sitting, walk 3 meters, return, and sitting down | 1 week before intervention; 4 weeks after intervention; 6 weeks after intervention |
| 5-Meter Walk Test | This is a measure that examines the participant's gait speed (cut off 6 seconds) | 1 week before intervention; 4 weeks after intervention; 6 weeks after intervention |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in Muscle strength | Hand-held dynamometer (HDD) for measuring lower-limb muscle strength | 1 week before intervention; 4 weeks after intervention; 6 weeks after intervention |
| Change in Quality of life |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Zaqueline F Guerra | Federal University of Juiz de Fora | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Zaqueline Fernandes Guerra | Juiz de Fora | 36038295 | Brazil |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10857508 | Background | Paolucci S, Antonucci G, Grasso MG, Morelli D, Troisi E, Coiro P, Bragoni M. Early versus delayed inpatient stroke rehabilitation: a matched comparison conducted in Italy. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2000 Jun;81(6):695-700. doi: 10.1016/s0003-9993(00)90095-9. | |
| 22367274 | Background | Hadidi N, Buckwalter K, Lindquist R, Rangen C. Lessons learned in recruitment and retention of stroke survivors. J Neurosci Nurs. 2012 Apr;44(2):105-10. doi: 10.1097/JNN.0b013e3182478c96. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D020521 | Stroke |
| D010291 | Paresis |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D002561 | Cerebrovascular Disorders |
| D001927 | Brain Diseases |
| D002493 | Central Nervous System Diseases |
| D009422 | Nervous System Diseases |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000091942 | Cognitive Training |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000066530 | Neurological Rehabilitation |
| D012046 | Rehabilitation |
| D000359 | Aftercare |
| D003266 | Continuity of Patient Care |
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|
| Cognitive training and Relaxation | Other | Cognitive training and relaxation session (lasting 30 minutes, three times a week), totaling 12 sessions. The sessions will consist of calculations, memorization, imagination and body relaxation exercises. These sessions will not have any motor imagery. After the cognitive training and relaxation session, participants will be submitted to individual and structured physiotherapy sessions lasting 40 minutes with muscle strengthening and stretching exercises. |
|
Using World Health Organization Quality of Life Instrument (WHOQOL-Bref)
| 1 week before intervention; 4 weeks after intervention; 6 weeks after intervention |
| Change in Mental health | Using Depression, anxiety and stress scale (DASS-21) | 1 week before intervention; 4 weeks after intervention; 6 weeks after intervention |
| Change in TUG-ABS | The Timed "Up and Go" Assessment of Biomechanical Strategies (TUG-ABS) | 1 week before intervention; 4 weeks after intervention; 6 weeks after intervention |
| 24951970 | Background | Zhang S, He WB, Chen NH. Causes of death among persons who survive an acute ischemic stroke. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 2014 Aug;14(8):467. doi: 10.1007/s11910-014-0467-3. |
| 21427151 | Background | Page SJ, Dunning K, Hermann V, Leonard A, Levine P. Longer versus shorter mental practice sessions for affected upper extremity movement after stroke: a randomized controlled trial. Clin Rehabil. 2011 Jul;25(7):627-37. doi: 10.1177/0269215510395793. Epub 2011 Mar 22. |
| 14523738 | Background | Page SJ. Mental practice: a promising restorative technique in stroke rehabilitation. Top Stroke Rehabil. 2001 Autumn;8(3):54-63. doi: 10.1310/7WDU-2P4U-V2EA-76F8. |
| 15759218 | Background | Page SJ, Levine P, Leonard AC. Effects of mental practice on affected limb use and function in chronic stroke. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2005 Mar;86(3):399-402. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2004.10.002. |
| 16957491 | Background | Lotze M, Cohen LG. Volition and imagery in neurorehabilitation. Cogn Behav Neurol. 2006 Sep;19(3):135-40. doi: 10.1097/01.wnn.0000209875.56060.06. |
| 11595094 | Background | Sirigu A, Duhamel JR. Motor and visual imagery as two complementary but neurally dissociable mental processes. J Cogn Neurosci. 2001 Oct 1;13(7):910-9. doi: 10.1162/089892901753165827. |
| 11373140 | Background | Jeannerod M. Neural simulation of action: a unifying mechanism for motor cognition. Neuroimage. 2001 Jul;14(1 Pt 2):S103-9. doi: 10.1006/nimg.2001.0832. |
| 17419886 | Background | Malouin F, Richards CL, Jackson PL, Lafleur MF, Durand A, Doyon J. The Kinesthetic and Visual Imagery Questionnaire (KVIQ) for assessing motor imagery in persons with physical disabilities: a reliability and construct validity study. J Neurol Phys Ther. 2007 Mar;31(1):20-9. doi: 10.1097/01.npt.0000260567.24122.64. |
| 15228801 | Background | Malouin F, Richards CL, Doyon J, Desrosiers J, Belleville S. Training mobility tasks after stroke with combined mental and physical practice: a feasibility study. Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2004 Jun;18(2):66-75. doi: 10.1177/0888439004266304. |
| 20208464 | Background | Malouin F, Richards CL, Durand A, Doyon J. Added value of mental practice combined with a small amount of physical practice on the relearning of rising and sitting post-stroke: a pilot study. J Neurol Phys Ther. 2009 Dec;33(4):195-202. doi: 10.1097/NPT.0b013e3181c2112b. |
| 18326057 | Background | Malouin F, Richards CL, Durand A, Doyon J. Clinical assessment of motor imagery after stroke. Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2008 Jul-Aug;22(4):330-40. doi: 10.1177/1545968307313499. Epub 2008 Mar 6. |
| 7801066 | Background | Hesse S, Schauer M, Malezic M, Jahnke M, Mauritz KH. Quantitative analysis of rising from a chair in healthy and hemiparetic subjects. Scand J Rehabil Med. 1994 Sep;26(3):161-6. |
| 8762158 | Background | Decety J. The neurophysiological basis of motor imagery. Behav Brain Res. 1996 May;77(1-2):45-52. doi: 10.1016/0166-4328(95)00225-1. |
| 18674992 | Background | Dunsky A, Dickstein R, Marcovitz E, Levy S, Deutsch JE. Home-based motor imagery training for gait rehabilitation of people with chronic poststroke hemiparesis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2008 Aug;89(8):1580-8. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2007.12.039. |
| 23935572 | Background | Braun S, Kleynen M, van Heel T, Kruithof N, Wade D, Beurskens A. The effects of mental practice in neurological rehabilitation; a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Hum Neurosci. 2013 Aug 2;7:390. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2013.00390. eCollection 2013. |
| 21515905 | Background | Ietswaart M, Johnston M, Dijkerman HC, Joice S, Scott CL, MacWalter RS, Hamilton SJ. Mental practice with motor imagery in stroke recovery: randomized controlled trial of efficacy. Brain. 2011 May;134(Pt 5):1373-86. doi: 10.1093/brain/awr077. Epub 2011 Apr 22. |
| 36180164 | Derived | Guerra ZF, Bellose LC, Ferreira AP, Faria CDCM, Paz CCSC, Lucchetti G. Effects of mental practice on mobility of individuals in the early subacute post-stroke phase: A randomized controlled clinical trial. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2022 Oct;32:82-90. doi: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2022.04.018. Epub 2022 Apr 27. |
| D014652 | Vascular Diseases |
| D002318 | Cardiovascular Diseases |
| D009461 | Neurologic Manifestations |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
| D005791 |
| Patient Care |
| D013812 | Therapeutics |
| D006296 | Health Services |
| D005159 | Health Care Facilities Workforce and Services |