The purpose of this study is to explore the effect maternal obesity and breastfeeding play on infant body composition. The investigators hypothesize in the first 6 months of life breast fed offspring from overweight / obese mothers will be fatter with greater trunk fat mass and accumulate fat at a greater rate than breast fed infants from normal weight mothers. Furthermore, the investigators postulate that circulating maternal milk adipocytokines will positively correlate to total fat mass at six months of age.

The objective of this study is to determine if offspring from overweight/obese non-diabetic mothers whom breastfeed have greater total fat and trunk fat mass and accumulate fat mass at a greater rate from ~ 1 month to 6 months of life compared to breastfed infants from normal weight mothers.

Specific Aim 1: Understand how maternal obesity and breast-feeding impact body composition of the offspring. Based upon the investigators preliminary data and counter to accepted dogma the hypothesis is at six months of age total fat mass, particularly in the trunk will be elevated at 6 months of age in infants whose mother was either overweight or obese vs. infants from normal weight mothers.

Specific Aim 2: Identify adipocytokines in breast milk. The postulate is breast milk from overweight and obese mothers will have greater levels of insulin, glucose, Ghrelin, IGF-1, IL-6, TNFα, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and lower Leptin levels than breast milk from normal weight mothers and will be correlated with offspring fat mass.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Gestational age between 37 and 41 weeks
• Singleton birth
• Infant in good health
• 40±5 days old at enrollment
• Infant is being exclusively breastfed (defined as fed directly from the breast or with mother's expressed milk and receiving no formula in the last 20 days prior to enrollment)
• Mother of an infant being exclusively breastfed plans to continue this exclusive feeding from the time of enrollment until six months of age
• Parent/caregiver demonstrates an understanding of the given information and ability to record the requested data
• Having obtained informed consent of legal representative

Exclusion Criteria:

• Congenital illness or malformation that affects infant feeding and/or growth
• Significant pre-natal and/or post-natal disease
• Infant has received any complementary feeding, i.e. any nutrition besides breast milk
• In the investigators assessment, infant's family cannot be expected to comply with treatment (feeding regimen)
• Currently participating in another clinical trial

A total of 37 mothers whom exclusively breast fed to six-months. Participants (mothers/infant) included offspring from mothers with a singleton-term healthy pregnancy (37-40 weeks). Both vaginal and cesarean deliveries were included. Infants who are exclusively breastfed (defined as no formula in the last 20 days) prior to enrollment will be considered.