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Investigators hypothesized that perioperative lung ultrasound would be beneficial in pediatric patients undergoing cardiac surgery compared to those who did not receive lung ultrasound.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Control | Placebo Comparator | No intervention during the perioperative period. Perform lung ultrasound twice only for the diagnostic purpose at the end of surgery and 6 to 12 hours after surgery in the intensive care unit. |
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| Ultrasound | Active Comparator | Perform lung ultrasound three times during the perioperative period; after the induction of general anesthesia, at the end of surgery, and 6 to 12 hours after surgery in the intensive care unit. According to the lung ultrasound finding, conduct appropriate interventions such as, alveolar recruitment maneuver for atelectasis, or chest tube insertion for pneumothorax. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lung ultrasound | Device | Lung ultrasound with appropriate interventions depending on the ultrasound finding |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Intraoperative incidence of pulse oximetry (SpO2) ≤ 95% (or 10% below the baseline value) | from the induction of general anesthesia until the end of the surgery, up to 24 hours | |
| Postoperative incidence of SpO2 ≤ 95% (or 10% below the baseline value) | within the first day after surgery | |
| Postoperative incidence of respiratory complications | within the first day after surgery |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Intraoperative partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood (PaO2) from arterial blood gas analysis | from the induction of general anesthesia until the end of the surgery, up to 24 hours | |
| Postoperative partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood (PaO2) from arterial blood gas analysis |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Jin-Tae Kim | Seoul National University Hospital | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Seoul National University Hospital | Seoul | Seoul | 110-744 | South Korea |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 17238882 | Background | Lutterbey G, Wattjes MP, Doerr D, Fischer NJ, Gieseke J Jr, Schild HH. Atelectasis in children undergoing either propofol infusion or positive pressure ventilation anesthesia for magnetic resonance imaging. Paediatr Anaesth. 2007 Feb;17(2):121-5. doi: 10.1111/j.1460-9592.2006.02045.x. | |
| 12502973 | Background |
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| within the first day after surgery |
| Initial SpO2 on arriving at pediatric intensive care unit | from the end of the surgery until postoperative 1 hour |
| Days needed to wean from mechanical ventilation | up to 1 month |
| Tusman G, Bohm SH, Tempra A, Melkun F, Garcia E, Turchetto E, Mulder PG, Lachmann B. Effects of recruitment maneuver on atelectasis in anesthetized children. Anesthesiology. 2003 Jan;98(1):14-22. doi: 10.1097/00000542-200301000-00006. |
| 21768801 | Background | Bronicki RA, Chang AC. Management of the postoperative pediatric cardiac surgical patient. Crit Care Med. 2011 Aug;39(8):1974-84. doi: 10.1097/CCM.0b013e31821b82a6. |
| 24694455 | Background | Vitale V, Ricci Z, Cogo P. Lung ultrasonography and pediatric cardiac surgery: first experience with a new tool for postoperative lung complications. Ann Thorac Surg. 2014 Apr;97(4):e121-4. doi: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2014.01.060. |
| 24662376 | Background | Acosta CM, Maidana GA, Jacovitti D, Belaunzaran A, Cereceda S, Rae E, Molina A, Gonorazky S, Bohm SH, Tusman G. Accuracy of transthoracic lung ultrasound for diagnosing anesthesia-induced atelectasis in children. Anesthesiology. 2014 Jun;120(6):1370-9. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000000231. |