Metabolic and Cardiovascular Effects of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 (DPP-4) or Sodium-glucose Co-transporter Type 2 (SGLT2) Inhibitors

Effects of the DPP-4 or SGLT2 Inhibitors on the Metabolic Cardiovascular Systems in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) or sodium-glucose co-transporter type 2 (SGLT2) has been proposed as a therapeutic target for type 2 diabetes. However, how DPP-4 inhibitors or SGLT2 inhibitors exert protective actions for diabetic complications in addition to their glucose-lowering effects remains unknown.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Clinical diagnosis of type 2 diabetic patients
• Must be able to swallow tablets
• never received DPP-4 inhibitors or SGLT2 inhibitors

Exclusion Criteria:

• uncontrolled diabetes (fasting plasma glucose>200 mg/dL)
• receiving insulin therapy
• hepatic disorders (2.5 fold or greater increases in aspartate transaminase or alanine transaminase levels above the upper limits of normal)
• inflammatory disorders
• neoplastic disorders
• recent (<3months) acute coronary syndrome and stroke
• any acute infection