The purpose of this study was to assess the safety and efficacy of Lumason-enhanced dobutamine stress echo (CE-DSE) in subjects having a suboptimal left ventricular endocardial border delineation (LV EBD) at rest and who were scheduled for coronary angiography.

The study was designed to assess the safety and efficacy of Lumason at improving the visualization of the LV EBD during pharmacologic stress echocardiography examinations and for detection or exclusion of the coronary artery disease (CAD). The study population consisted of adult subjects referred for pharmacological stress echocardiography and with suboptimal image quality during unenhanced ultrasound imaging at rest who had known or suspected CAD. Subjects enrolled in the study represented subjects who could benefit most from contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) stress echocardiography.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Provided written Informed Consent and was willing to comply with protocol requirements;
• Was at least 18 years of age;
• Had suspected or known CAD and was scheduled to undergo coronary angiography within 6 months after the LUMASON DSE.
• Had undergone a previous echocardiography prior to enrollment; resulting in suboptimal unenhanced images at rest, defined as ≥ 2 suboptimal adjacent segments in any apical view.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Was a pregnant or lactating female. Excluded the possibility of pregnancy by testing on site at the institution (serum or urine βHCG) within 24 hours prior to the start of LUMASON administration(s), by surgical history (e.g., tubal ligation or hysterectomy), post menopausal with a minimum 1 year without menses;
• Had any known hypersensitivity to 1 or more ingredients of LUMASON (sulfur hexafluoride or to any components of LUMASON);
• Had any known hypersensitivity to dobutamine;
• Had an ongoing or recent (within the last 30 days) acute myocardial infarction;
• Had known right-to-left, bidirectional or transient cardiac shunt (ruled out with agitated saline study performed before administration of LUMASON);
• Had electrolyte (especially potassium and magnesium) abnormalities;
• Had unstable pulmonary and/or systemic hemodynamic conditions e.g.:
• decompensated or inadequately controlled congestive heart failure (NYHA Class IV);
• hypovolemia;
• uncontrolled hypertension, i.e. resting systolic blood pressure >200 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure >110 mmHg;
• unstable angina;
• acute coronary syndrome;
• aortic dissection;
• acute pericarditis,
• myocarditis, or endocarditis;
• stenosis of the main left coronary artery;
• hemodynamically significant outflow obstruction of the left ventricle, including hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy;
• hemodynamically significant cardiac valvular defect;
• acute pulmonary embolism;
• Had uncontrolled cardiac arrhythmias;
• Had significant disturbance in conduction;
• Had hypertrophic subaortic stenosis;
• Had an acute illness (e.g., infections, hyperthyroidism, or severe anemia);
• Was previously entered into this study or received an investigational compound within 30 days before admission into this study;
• Had been treated with any other contrast agent either intravascularly or orally within 48 hours of the first LUMASON administration;
• Had any medical condition or other circumstances which would significantly decrease the chances of obtaining reliable data, achieving study objectives, or completing the study and/or postdose follow-up examinations;

In addition, due to the use of Atropine in subjects who had not reached targeted heart rate with peak dobutamine infusion, subjects with the following were excluded:

• Glaucoma;
• Pyloric stenosis;
• Prostatic hypertrophy.