The American Diabetes Association (ADA), among other medical societies, is strongly recommending medical nutrition therapy (MNT) for prevention and management of type 2 diabetes. However, the ADA recognized that there is no "one size fits all" diet and thus recommends that MNT should be conducted through a consultation with registered dietitians (RD). Previous studies have shown that using diabetes-specific nutritional formulas, as an integral part of the MNT, lowers postprandial blood glucose levels. Through our experience from the Joslin's Weight Achievement and Intensive Treatment (Why WAIT™) program, applying MNT within a structured dietary intervention protocol has the best impact on blood glucose values and body weight. Meanwhile, the frequent use of health coaching during dietary intervention proved to be effective in managing diabetes and inducing weight loss. However, no study compared those three intervention methods in a randomized clinical study.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of different models of conducting medical nutrition therapy on the glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Subject has voluntarily signed and dated an informed consent form, approved by an Institutional Review Board/Independent Ethics Committee, and provided Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act authorization (HIPAA) or other privacy authorization prior to any participation in study.

2. Subject states that he/she had type 2 diabetes, as evidenced by use of anti-hyperglycemic medication or managed on lifestyle intervention only with A1C >7%

3. Subject is between 30 and 80 years of age.

4. Subject on stable dose of antihyperglycemic medications for the past 3 months or lifestyle intervention

5. Subject is a male or a non-pregnant, non-lactating female, at least 6 weeks postpartum prior to screening visit. A urine pregnancy test is required for all female subjects unless she is not of childbearing potential, defined as postmenopausal for at least one year prior to screening visit or surgically sterile (bilateral tubal ligation, bilateral oophorectomy, or hysterectomy).

6. If a female is of childbearing potential, she is practicing one of the following methods of birth control (and continued through the duration of the study):

   • Condoms, sponge, diaphragm or intrauterine device;
   • Oral or parenteral contraceptives for 3 months prior to screening visit;
   • Vasectomized partner;
   • Total abstinence from sexual intercourse.

7. Subject's BMI is > 25 kg/m2.

8. Subject has A1C between 7-10%

9. If on a chronic medication such as anti-hypertensive, lipid-lowering, thyroid medication or hormone therapy, subject has been on stable dose for at least three months prior to screening visit. These medications will not be changed during intervention unless it is mandatory.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Subjects using exogenous insulin since insulin titration may impact the primary endpoint.

2. Subject states that he/she had a history of diabetic ketoacidosis.

3. Subject is pregnant or lactating.

4. Subject uses corticosteroid treatment with the exception of inhaled or topical steroids in the last 3 months; or antibiotics within the last 3 weeks prior to the screening visit.

5. Subject states that he/she had an active malignancy (excluding the following dermal malignancies: basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, carcinoma in-situ of the cervix).

6. Subject states that he/she has had a recent cardiovascular event (e.g., myocardial infarction, stroke) ≤ six months prior to screening visit; or stated history of congestive heart failure.

7. Subject states that he/she has had end stage organ failure (such as end stage renal disease) or had status post organ transplant.

8. Subject states that he/she has had a history of renal disease (Creatinine >1.5mg/dL or GFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2).

9. Subject states that he/she has had current hepatic disease.

10. Subject has history of gastroparesis.

11. Subject states that he/she has had a chronic, contagious, infectious disease

12. Subject states that he/she has had clotting or bleeding disorders.

13. Subject is known to be allergic or intolerant to any ingredient found in the study products.

14. Subject is known to have a history of special nutritional need requiring special diet.

15. Subject is currently participating in any weight loss program.

16. Subject has used meal replacements during the 3 months prior to the start of the study.

17. Subject has history of bariatric surgery.

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