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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca | OTHER |
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This study is based on assess and contrast isometric and isokinetic core strength, static and dynamic balance, the number of falls, and functional autonomy in three different old women groups after a 18 weeks 1) Pilates-based structured exercise program, 2) muscular structured exercise program, and 3) nonexercising.
Real life conditions require concurrent attention-demanding tasks, increasing the risk of falling and contributing to disability. Pilates-based exercise is proposed as a combined core and mental training program grounded on learning functionally effective postural sets and motor patterns, that will provide better results than a muscular exercise program in old women trunk strength, the risk of falling, functional autonomy and other complementary physical and mental functions. This is a 30-weeks quasi-experimental randomized controlled trial in which 80 independent old women will be allocated to a Pilates-based exercise program, a muscular exercise program, and a no-exercise control group. The intervention is divided into 18 weeks of supervised exercise and a 12 weeks follow-up. Primary outcome will be isokinetic and isometric trunk and hip flexion-extension strength, static and dynamic balance, the number of falls, and functional autonomy. Secondary outcome will include body composition, habitual physical activity and a standardized gerontological evaluation composed of body composition, daily physical activity, the independence to develop basic and instrumental activities of daily living, and the cognitive, affective and social function assessment. Every item will be measured at baseline, 18 and 30 weeks.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pilates exercise program | Experimental | Incorporate Pilates principles to stimulate core muscles in a dynamic and static way, and exercising arms and legs complementarity with balance as an essential part of standing exercises. |
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| Muscular exercise program | Experimental | To train core muscles in a dynamic and static way, and exercising arms and legs complementarity with balance as an essential part of standing exercises. |
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| Control group | Active Comparator | Healthy active but nonexercising old women |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pilates exercise | Other | 2 sessions/week, 1 hour/session during 18 weeks. Intensity determined from 6 to 9 points, controlled by the Resistance exercise scale of perceived exertion (OMNI-RES). |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Changes in trunk and hip isokinetic and isometric muscular flexion/extension peak torque, given in Newtons per meter. | assessed on a Biodex System III Pro Isokinetic Dynamometer (Biodex Medical System, NY, USA). | "Changes from baseline at 18 weeks" and "Changes from baseline at 30 weeks" |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Changes in displacement of the center of pressure (millimeters) and time spent standing on two feet, tandem and monopodal display. | assessed with a portable force platform (Kistler, 9286AA). | Changes from baseline at 18 weeks" and "Changes from baseline at 30 weeks" |
| Changes in time spent to accomplish the Timed Up and Go test for dynamic balance |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Maria Carrasco, PhD | Universidad de Almeria | Study Director |
| Domingo J Ramos-Campo, PhD | Universidad Católica San Antonio. Murcia | Principal Investigator |
| Jacobo A Rubio-Arias, PhD | Universidad Católica San Antonio. Murcia | Principal Investigator |
| Delia Reche-Orenes, PhD student | Universidad Católica San Antonio. Murcia | Principal Investigator |
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| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| Result | Carrasco M, MartÃnez I, Vaquero M. Cambios en la fuerza isométrica de las mujeres postmenopáusicas tras el ejercicio en el medio acuático. Revista Internacional de Medicina y Ciencias de la Actividad FÃsica y el deporte 13(49): 73-85, 2013 | ||
| Result | Zaragoza AB, Carrasco M. Condición FÃsica y estado de salud mental en mujeres mayores fÃsicamente independientes. European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education. 4(3): 289-300, 2014. | ||
| Result | Carrasco M, Vaquero M. Training in a shallow pool: Its effect on upper extremity strength and total body weight in postmenopausal women. International SportMed Journal 12(1): 17-29, 2011 | ||
| Result | Carrasco M, Vaquero M. Water training in postmenopausal women: effect on muscular strength. European Journal of Sport Science 12(2): 193-200, 2011 | ||
| Result | Carrasco M, Reche D, Torres-Sobejano M, Romero E, MartÃnez I. Comparación de la movilidad del raquis entre mujeres de mediana edad practicantes de pilates y de otro tipo de ejercicio. Journal of Sport and Health Research 6(2): 169-176, 2014 | ||
| Result | González-Galvez N, Carrasco M, Marcos-Pardo PJ, Feito Y. The effect of Pilates Method in scholar's trunk strength and hamstring flexibility. Gender differences. International Journal of Medical, Health, Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Engineerin 8(6): 348-351, 2014. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D026241 | Exercise Movement Techniques |
| D035061 | Control Groups |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D026741 | Physical Therapy Modalities |
| D013812 | Therapeutics |
| D015340 | Epidemiologic Research Design |
| D004812 | Epidemiologic Methods |
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| Muscular exercise | Other | 2 sessions/week, 1 hour/session during 18 weeks. Intensity determined from 6 to 9 points, controlled by the Resistance exercise scale of perceived exertion (OMNI-RES). |
|
| Control Group | Other | No exercise |
|
participants will be given instructions to stand up from a chair, walk 3 meters as quickly and safely as possible, turn around a cone, walk back and sit down. |
| "Changes from baseline at 18 weeks" and "Changes from baseline at 30 weeks" |
| number of falls | number of falls registration | participants will be followed every 4 weeks |
| Changes in time to accomplish the protocol GDLAM for assessing functional autonomy | protocol GDLAM consists of: 10 meters walking speed, standing up from a chair during 5 times, get up the floor from the ventral decubitus position, standing up from a chair and walk around a triangular circuit, and putting on and taking off a T-shirt. | Changes from baseline at 18 weeks" and "Changes from baseline at 30 weeks |
| Changes in bone mineral, lean mass (nonbone), and fat mass for total body, head, chest, trunk, hip, right and left legs and arms regions. | assessed with a dual-energy X-ray bone densitometry (XR-46, Norland Corp., Fort Atkinson, USA). | "Changes from baseline at 18 weeks" and "Changes from baseline at 30 weeks" |
| Changes in score from the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE) to measure habitual physical activity. | The PASE is comprised of self-reported occupational, household and leisure items over a one-week period. | "Changes from baseline at 18 weeks" and "Changes from baseline at 30 weeks" |
| Changes in the Katz scale index to assess the independence to develop basic activities of daily living | It summarizes performance in six functions: namely, bathing, dressing, going to toilet, transferring, continence and feeding. | "Changes from baseline at 18 weeks" and "Changes from baseline at 30 weeks" |
| Changes in the Lawton and Brody's scale index to assess the independence to develop instrumental activities of daily living | It encomprises eight functional abilities, such as the use of the telephone, shopping, food preparation, housekeeping, laundry, mode of transport, taking medication and handling finances. | "Changes from baseline at 22 weeks" and "Changes from baseline at 34 weeks" |
| Changes in the Mini-Mental State score to assess the cognitive function | It covers orientation, memory, attention, calculation, recall and language | "Changes from baseline at 22 weeks" and "Changes from baseline at 34 weeks" |
| Changes in the Geriatric Depression Scale of Yesavage (GDSy) score to determine the affective function | It is composed of 15 questions that cover a wide variety of topics relevant to depression, such as somatic complaints, cognitive complaints, motivations, future/past orientation, self-image, losses, agitation, obsessive traits, and mood itself. | "Changes from baseline at 22 weeks" and "Changes from baseline at 34 weeks" |
| Result | Carrasco M, MartÃnez I, Navarro MD. Daily physical activity and bone mineral density in older women. Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte 21(1): 22-26, 2015. |
| 31741786 | Derived | Carrasco-Poyatos M, Ramos-Campo DJ, Rubio-Arias JA. Pilates versus resistance training on trunk strength and balance adaptations in older women: a randomized controlled trial. PeerJ. 2019 Nov 14;7:e7948. doi: 10.7717/peerj.7948. eCollection 2019. |
| 30529737 | Derived | Carrasco-Poyatos M, Rubio-Arias JA, Ballesta-Garcia I, Ramos-Campo DJ. Pilates vs. muscular training in older women. Effects in functional factors and the cognitive interaction: A randomized controlled trial. Physiol Behav. 2019 Mar 15;201:157-164. doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.12.008. Epub 2018 Dec 8. |
| D008919 | Investigative Techniques |
| D012107 | Research Design |
| D008722 | Methods |